低温复合发酵剂对冬季牛粪堆肥微生物多样性的影响  

Influence of low temperature compound starter on varieties of biodiversity in cow muck compost in winter

作　　者：刘阳[1] 徐凤花[1] 王彦伟[1] 陈超[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2012年第3期94-98,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家863计划(2007AA100705);哈尔滨市科技攻关项目(2010AA6CN067);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划;三江平原规模化农业循环技术集成与示范(2012BAD14B06)

摘　　要：在-20℃下进行冬季牛粪堆肥,研究其温度、可培养微生物数量及细菌种群多样性的变化。堆肥处理的第6 d进入高温期并持续10 d,最高温度67.4℃;对照温度始终在-11～-13℃。处理的可培养细菌、放线菌、真菌数量分别高于对照0.018～1.368、0.040～0.966、-0.778～0.547个数量级;微生物总的变化趋势是细菌最多,放线菌次之,真菌最少。处理不同时期细菌DGGE图谱有着明显的差异性,对照不同时期图谱无明显差异;UPGAMA聚类分析,处理的相似性在0.54～0.70,对照的在0.95～0.98。处理的优势菌:初期为Clostridium ther-mopalmarium、Psychrobacter spp,升温期为Psychrobacter spp,高温期为Hydrogenobacter hydrogenophilus、Clostridiumspp、Psychrobacter spp、Saccharococcus thermophilus等,降温期为Clostridium thermolacticum、Psychrobacter spp;对照的各个时期优势菌相同,为Clostridium spp、Pseudomonas spp、Psychrobacter spp等;整个堆肥过程中Psychrobacterspp为处理和对照的共同优势菌。At-20℃ for winter cow dung composting,the changes of the temperature,the number of culturable microorganisms and the diversity of bacterial populations were studied.It entered the high temperature period on the 6th day of composting and continued for ten days,the highest temperature was 67.4℃;The control temperature was always at-11-13℃.The number of culturable bacteria,actinomycete,and fungi of processing samples were respectively higher than the control by the magnitude of 0.018~1.368,0.040~0.966 and-0.778~0.547.The most of microorganism count was bacterium,the second was actinomycete and the least was fungi.DGGE patterns of bacteria of processing samples had significant differences at different periods,while DGGE patterns of bacteria of control samples was not significantly different during different periods.By UPGAMA cluster analysis,it showed that the similarity of processing samples was 0.54~0.70 and control samples was 0.95~0.98.In processing samples,Clostridium thermopalmarium and Psychrobacter spp were dominant species at initial stage,Psychrobacter spp were dominant species at warming period,Hydrogenobacter hydrogenophilus,Clostridium spp,Psychrobacter spp,Saccharococcus thermophilus were dominant species high temperature period and Clostridium thermolacticum and Psychrobacter spp were dominant species at cooling period.The dominant species of control samples were the same,they were Clostridium spp,Clostridia spp,Pseudomonas spp,Psychrobacter spp,Moreover,Psychrobacter spp was the dominant species of both processing samples and control samples throughout the composting process.

关 键 词：低温复合发酵剂 平板培养 PCR DGGE 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]