以颗粒物理原理认识地震--地震成因、地震前兆和地震预测  

To understand earthquake from the granular physics point of view——causes of earthquakes,earthquake precursors and prediction

作　　者：陆坤权[1] 厚美瑛[1] 姜泽辉[2] 王强[1] 孙刚[1] 刘寄星[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所、软物质物理重点实验室、北京凝聚态物理国家实验室,北京100190 [2]哈尔滨工业大学物理系,哈尔滨150001 [3]中国科学院理论物理研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《物理学报》2012年第11期1-20,共20页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(批准号:KJCX2-SW-W15,KKCX1-YW-03);国家自然科学基金(批准号:10374111,11034010);地震行业科研专项经费(批准号:201208011)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：本文以地壳和地幔的基本构造和己有观测事实为依据,运用颗粒物理原理,将地壳和地幔作为大尺度离散态颗粒物质体系处理,重新认识地震孕育过程,前兆产生机制及规律,探求地震预测方法和途径.主要结果是:建立了地壳与地幔构成和运动的颗粒模型;提出了引发地震的大地构造力的形成机制,以及地震前兆信息产生和传播规律;说明了地震前兆信息的主要特征及其与地震发生之间的关联,阐述了探测有效地震前兆信息的方法原理;用颗粒流动的阻塞-解阻塞转变原理解释了深源地震发生机制;对以前难以理解的若干地震学现象进行了解释,并讨论了地震的可预测性。由于地壳和地幔的离散结构特征,对于地震孕育的准静力学过程,连续介质理论不再适用.以颗粒物理原理研究地震成因、地震前兆和地震预测,所获得的新认识与传统连续介质地震学观点有本质区别。To recognize the seismogenic process,mechanism and behavior of seismic precursors,as well as look for the ways of earthquake prediction the granular physics principle is applied based on the basic structure of the crust and mantle and existing experimental observations,where we treat the earth crust and mantle as large scale discrete matters.Main outcomes are：A granular model of the structure and movement of the earth crust and mantle is established.A formation mechanism of the tectonic forces,which causes the earthquakes,and a model of propagation for precursive signals are proposed.Properties of the seismic precursive signal and its relevance with the earthquake occurrence are illustrated,and principle of ways to detect the effective seismic precursor is elaborated. In the paper the mechanism of palintectic earthquake is also explained by the jamming-unjamming transition of the granular flow. Some earthquake phenomena which were previously difficult to understand are explained,and the predictability of the earthquake is discussed.Due to the discrete nature of the earth crust and mantle,the continuum theory no longer applies during the quasi-static seismogenic process.In all in this paper,based on granular physics,we study the causes of earthquakes,earthquake precursors and earthquake prediction,and a new understanding,different from the traditional seismological point of view,is obtained.

关 键 词：颗粒物质 地震预报 地震前兆 深源地震 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]