基于RUSLE和SDR的香溪河流域土壤流失脆弱区识别  

Identification of vulnerable areas of soil loss in the Xiangxi watershed based on RUSLE and SDR

作　　者：陈炼钢[1,2] 钱新[1] 施勇[2] 李铭[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院,污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京210093 [2]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210029 [3]中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院,成都610072

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2012年第5期395-402,共8页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项资助项目(200901007);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41105075)

摘　　要：基于修正的通用土壤流失方程RUSLE和分布式泥沙输移比SDR函数,构建了由降雨侵蚀力因子、土壤可蚀性因子、坡度坡长因子、植被覆盖因子和泥沙输移因子组成的流域土壤流失脆弱性评估模型。针对三峡库区香溪河流域,在GIS和RS技术支持下,利用流域降雨、土壤类型分布、DEM及NDVI数据,评估了流域土壤流失脆弱性并对其进行了区划,识别出了香溪河流域内对于土地利用和水土保持等人类活动更为敏感的土壤流失脆弱区。结果显示,香溪河流域土壤流失脆弱区面积为326.33 km2,占流域总面积的10.53%;5个子流域中,土壤流失脆弱区分布比例从高到低依次为:湘坪河子流域、古夫河子流域、湘坪河口—峡口区间、峡口以下区域和高岚河子流域,其中前2个子流域土壤流失脆弱区分布比例超过全流域的平均值。研究结果可为香溪河流域土地利用方式的调整和水土保持提供科学依据。Identifying vulnerable areas of soil loss is necessary to better control soil loss in the Xiangxi watershed, the river basin nearest to the Three Gorges Dam. A crucial element of this scheme is the development of a vulnerability assessment model that can identify critical potential soil loss areas for land use prioritization and soil conservation. An assessment model for the vulnerability of soil loss based on the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） and sediment delivery ratio （SDR） is developed in this work. The proposed model consists of five multiplied factors： the rain and runofferosivity, soil erodibility, slope steepness and length, vegetation cover, and sediment delivery. The vulnerability of soil loss in the Xiangxi watershed was assessed using the developed model integrated with the ArcGIS platform along with precipitation data, soil data, DEM, and MODIS NDVI images. The results suggest that a vulnerable area of 326.33 km^2 （10.53% of the watershed area） should be given priority in terms of land use and soil conservation. The distribution of vulnerable areas in five sub-watersheds was analyzed. The results revealed that the percentages of vulnerable areas in the Xiangpinghe and Gufuhe sub-watersheds were higher than the average of the Xiangxi watershed, whereas those in the Xiangping-Xiakou, Gaolanhe, and Xiakou down sub-watersheds were lower than the average of the Xiangxi watershed.

关 键 词：土壤流失 脆弱性 RUSLE SDR 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X37[农业科学—农业基础科学]