冲刷物理模型试验的比尺效应研究  

Study of scale effect in scour physical-model experiments

作　　者：王玉海[1] 蒋卫国[2] 王艳红[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [2]北京师范大学,北京100875 [3]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2012年第3期31-34,共4页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：港口航道泥沙工程交通行业重点实验室2010年度开放基金;国家自然科学基金(批准号:51179211);中国水科院青年专项(泥集1009)

摘　　要：冲刷物理模型试验的比尺效应主要是由模型沙不满足泥沙运动相似的要求所产生。因此在将试验结果外推到原型时会产生较大偏差。全面分析了系列模型实验法、经验公式法和相似模型试验法减少或者消除比尺效应的优缺点;提出了经验公式用于分析试验结果的偏差程度。认为满足泥沙起动相似和动床阻力相似是冲刷物理模型设计和模型沙选用的重要原则。The scale effect in scour physical-model experiments is mainly caused by dissatisfaction of mobility similarity of model sediment. It leads deviations when the experimental result is extrapolated to the prototype. Advantages and disadvantages of different approaches including series scale-model test, prediction equation- targeted flume test and similitude model test to alleviate scale effects are discussed; an empirical formula is suggested to assess the deviation of test results. The most important principle in designing a scour physical- model test including the choice of model sediment is to meet the requirement of incipient motion similarity of bed particle as well as movable-bed resistance similarity.

关 键 词：冲刷模型试验 相似律 比尺效应 

分 类 号：TV149.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]