甲基硫菌灵及其代谢物在不同种植模式黄瓜和土壤中的残留  

Dissipation and Residue of Thiophanate-Methyl and Its Metabolite in Cucumber and Soil Under Open Land and Greenhouse Conditions

作　　者：张志勇 单炜力[2] 简秋[2] 龚勇[2] 宋稳成[2] 刘贤金 

机构地区：[1]江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室农业部食品安全监控重点开放实验室,南京210014 [2]农业部农药检定所,北京100125

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第6期1077-1081,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：江苏省农业自主创新资金项目(CX(11)4069)

摘　　要：采用液质联用仪比较分析了3个不同种植区域(江苏南京、广西南宁和湖南长沙)露地和大棚两种种植条件下黄瓜和土壤中甲基硫菌灵及其代谢物多菌灵的残留动态,同时对黄瓜中的最终残留量进行了比较分析。施药后,甲基硫菌灵在黄瓜和土壤中均能很快转化为多菌灵[施药后1d甲基硫菌灵未检出(<0.01mg·kg-1)],多菌灵在露地黄瓜和土壤中的原始沉积量均低于大棚。3个试验点露地黄瓜中的半衰期分别为2.3、1.4d和1.4d,在大棚黄瓜中的半衰期分别为2.6、1.7d和2.0d。在3个试验点露地土壤中的半衰期分别为1.6、1.7d和2.3d,在大棚土壤中的半衰期分别为2.3、2.0d和2.3d。最终残留试验在最后一次施药后1d采样时,大棚、露地黄瓜中的甲基硫菌灵均未检出(<0.01mg·kg-1),多菌灵在3个试验点露地黄瓜中的最终残留量为0.014～0.162mg·kg-1,而在3个试验点大棚黄瓜中的最终残留量为0.121～0.561mg·kg-1。参照我国所制定的黄瓜中多菌灵的MRL(0.5mg·kg-1),露地种植方式下所有处理黄瓜中甲基硫菌灵代谢物多菌灵的最终残留量均符合国家标准的规定,但大棚种植方式下其残留量有超标的风险。Residues dynamics and final residual levels of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim in cucumber and soil were investigated in three different regions of China（Nanjing, Jiangsu; Nanning, Guangxi; Changsha, Hunan） by using LC-MS. Thiophanate-methyl was found to be completely declined to carbendazim within one day after treated in cucumbers or soils. The initial residue concentration of carbendazim in cucumber or soil treatment for the open fields was found to be lower than that for the greenhouse. The degradation behavior of carbedazim in cucumber of open fields and greenhouse was different, but not significantly, the half-lives of carbedazim in cucumber in three experiment sites were 2.3 d, 1.4 d and 1.4 d for open field treatments, and 2.6 d, 1.7 d and 2.0 d for greenhouse treatment, respectively. Half-lives of carbedazim in soils in different sites were 1.6 d, 1.7 d and 2.3 d, and 2.3 d, 2.0 d and 2.3 d in greenhouse. 24 hours later of the treatment, none of thiophanate-methyl was detected（ LOD〈0.01 mg·kg-1） in cucumber, neither for open field nor for greenhouse. For open field, the harvest residue of carbendazim in cucumber in three of experiment sites were ranged from 0.014 to 0.162 mg·kg-1 ,but ranged from 0.121 to 0.561 mg·kg-1 for greenhouse. According to the MRL of earbendazim in cucumber（0.5 mg·kg-1）, for the open field case, thiophanate-methyl can be employed suitably and properly, and the residues of carbendazim in post-harvest cucumber will be under the MRL, but for the greenhouse case, the risk of exceeding the MRL value of carbendazim residue in post-harvest cucumber will be much raised.

关 键 词：甲基硫菌灵 多菌灵 保护地 露地 残留 黄瓜 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]