坡度对农田土壤动物群落结构及多样性的影响  

Effects of slope gradient on the community structures and diversities of soil fauna

作　　者：何先进[1] 吴鹏飞[1] 崔丽巍[1] 张洪芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,成都610041

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第12期3701-3713,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(40801092);四川省青年基金项目(2012JQ0030);科技支撑项目(2010SZ0126);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(209154);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(11NZYTH01);西南民族大学硕士学位点建设项目(2011XWD-S071012)

摘　　要：为了研究坡度对土壤动物群落的影响,于2010年3月和9月分别对川中丘陵区坡度为5°、15°、25°的3种农田土壤动物进行了调查。共采集土壤动物11657只,隶属4门11纲21目,弹尾目、蜱螨目、颤蚓目和线虫为优势类群。土壤动物群落的类群数在3月随坡度增加无显著变化(P>0.05),9月则呈波动性上升(P<0.01)。群落密度在3月随坡度增加而显著下降(P<0.01),9月的变化趋势则相反(P<0.05)。群落多样性指数在3、9两月均随坡度增加呈显著波动性变化(P<0.05)。坡度对弹尾目、蜱螨目和线虫等主要类群的密度影响显著(P<0.05),并具季节差异。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明坡度对农田土壤动物的群落结构有明显影响,Sorenson和Morisita-Horn相似性系数进一步表明坡度在3月份主要影响土壤动物群落的类群组成,在9月主要影响优势类群的密度。研究结果表明坡度对土壤动物的群落结构、多样性及主要类群的密度有显著影响,并存在季节差异。Three croplands,which all are 5 meters long,at 5°,15° and 25°slope gradients respectively,were selected in the hilly areas of Central Sichuan Basin in March and September 2010.The investigations were conducted to study the effects of slope gradient on soil fauna.The methods of Tullgren and Baermann were used to extract soil fauna from soil samples（0—15cm）.A total of 11 657 individuals,belonging to 3 Phylum,11 Classes,and 21 Orders,were extracted from the soil.The orders of Springtails,Mites,Tubificida and Nematode were the dominant groups of the soil fauna community in Hilly areas of Central Sichuan Basin.As slope increased,the taxonomic richness of soil fauna was not significantly changed in March（P〉0.05）,but increased significantly in September（P〈0.01）.The community density decreased significantly with the increasing of slope gradient in Mach（P〈0.01）,but increased in September（P〈0.05）.Diversity indexes fluctuated with slope gradient in March,as well as in September.The abundance of the major taxonomic groups varied in their response to slope increasing.The result of a principal component analysis（PCA） indicated that the community structures of soil fauna differed obviously among three slope gradients.Furthermore,the coefficients of Sorenson and Morisita-Horn suggested that effects of the slope on the taxonomic composition of soil fauna communities were stronger than on the abundance of the dominant groups in March,while the opposite was found in September.The results of ANOVA and t-test indicated that both slope and season had a significant effect on the diversities of soil fauna community and the abundance of the major taxa.However,the effects of slope on the diversity also varied with seasons.The results of our research suggested that the slope has a significant effect on the structure and diversity of soil fauna community and the abundance of major groups,which were also changed with the seasons.Further analysis showed that the soil water was the main reason for the diffe

关 键 词：坡度 土壤动物 群落结构 多样性 川中丘陵区 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]