中国产业共生发展模式的国际比较及对策  

International comparison and policy recommendation on the development model of industrial symbiosis in China

作　　者：石磊[1] 刘果果[1] 郭思平[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第12期3950-3957,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：环保部公益性科研专项(2010467059);国家科技支撑计划(2009BAC64B01)

摘　　要：产业共生和生态工业园区已经成为世界范围内产业生态化转型的重要手段之一。在厘清产业共生发展模式内涵的基础上,借鉴商业模式的划分准则辨识了世界范围内6种产业共生模式:丹麦卡伦堡模式、美国模式、英国模式、日本模式、韩国模式和中国模式。从关键参与者、核心能力以及资金流3个维度对这些模式进行了辨识,重点比较了我国产业共生与其他模式的差别。研究表明,我国产业共生实践数量众多,在关键参与主体、核心能力培育和资金流等方面存在丰富的多样化,虽然形成了一定的中国特色,但并没有形成固定的"中国模式"。可以说,我国的产业共生实践还停留在初级阶段,下一步可持续的发展必须要建立合理的管制架构、形成稳定的资金支持机制和培育核心竞争能力。初级提出了我国产业共生和生态工业园区建设的政策建议。The idea of Industrial symbiosis and eco-industrial parks（EIPs） has nowadays become one of the most powerful tools in realizing sustainability while industrial system evolves.The paper firstly clarified the definition of industrial symbiosis and business model,and then identified the key actors,core competencies and capital flows of each case as the three indicators for comparing industrial symbiosis models worldwide.We distinguished the Kalundborg,USA,UK,Japan,Korea and China′s models,by the level of governmental intervention,from the models that are self-organizing to those that are planned cooperate with government.Regarding the key actors involved,like Japan and Korea,the EIP practices in China are also driven by the central government.However,the administrative committee of the industrial parks in China is also acting as an agency from the government,and this makes China′ model more towards the ’planned’ end of the spectrum.Another distinction of China′s model is that a stable,continuous capital flow has not been established to provide financial support for industrial symbiosis,especially the EIPs.As a major driving force for eco-industry′s prototype in promoting industrial symbiosis,in reality,the environmental protection departments barely have any capacity in providing funds.There is not a stable source of finance for EIP in China,unlike the Korean EIP special funds,the landfill tax in the UK or the recycling and recovery fee in Japan,which offer stable funding.Considering the huge industrial foundation and the vigorous situation of development,there is no doubt that China has the highest amount of EIP practices.Nevertheless,the development of EIPs in China is still in its trial stage.For example,compared with the UK model,China hasn′t established the nationwide industrial symbiosis network;compared with Korea model,China should enforce better the supporting and monitoring capabilities.In conclusion,China should make a clearer plan on development targets and layout.The future sustainable

关 键 词：产业共生 生态工业园区 商业模式 可持续转型 循环经济 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济] F205