玉米开花规律及其花粉生物学特性研究  

Study of Blossoming Law of Maize(Zea mys L.) and Its Pollen's Biological Characteristics

作　　者：卢宗志[1] 江晓东[2] 张明[3] 宋新元[3] 刘娜[3] 邵改革[3] 郑建波[1] 胡继超[2] 胡凝[2] 姚克敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所,吉林公主岭136100 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [3]吉林省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2012年第17期9231-9232,9243,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2009ZX08011-019B)

摘　　要：[目的]比较研究2个不同玉米(Zea mys L.)品种开花规律及其花粉生物学特性。[方法]供试玉米品种为紫糯18和吉单35。观察和测定指标分别为每日每时雄穗小花开花数量、单株花粉量、花粉活力、花粉直径及密度。[结果]玉米开花主要集中在始花日第2～6天,大部分在07:00～09:00开放。玉米花粉直径为74.6～88.7μm,密度为1.12～1.13 g/cm3。不同玉米品种散粉量差异较大,花粉活力也有不同。花粉活力的持续时间与空气湿度和温度有关,湿度高,气温低,花粉易存活。在20～25℃、相对湿度80%时,多数花粉活力能够保持3 h。[结论]该研究可为玉米育种及转基因玉米扩散模型研究提供科学依据。[ Objective] The aim was to study the blossoming law of 2 maize varieties and their pollens＇ biological characteristics. [ Method ] Blossoming number of male flower at each time in one day, amount of pollen per plant, pollen viability, pollen diameter and density of Zinuo 18 and Jidan 35 were observed and determined. [ Result] Maize blossoming was mainly in 2 - 6 days after flowering, and most of flowers blossomed from 07：00 to 09：00 in one day. The pollen diameter and density were 74.6 - 88.7 μm and 1.12 - 1.13 g/cm^3 respectively. The maize pollen amount and viability were significant different among different varieties. The pollen viability was related to air humidity and temperature, the suit- able condition was high humidity and lower temperature, maize pollen could keep viability for 3 hours at 20 - 25 ℃ and 80% RH. [ Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for maize breeding and researching transgenie maize diffusion model.

关 键 词：玉米 开花规律 花粉特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]