铬酸盐接触工人肺通气功能的动态观察  

Dynamic observation of pulmonary ventilation function in workers contacting chromate

作　　者：巴特[1] 顾永恩[1] 余善法 程广超 王晶 陈田[1] 宋艳双[1] 杨敬林[1] 钱琴[1] 王云[1] 李雨铮 贾光[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100191 [2]河南省职业病防治研究院,郑州450052

出　　处：《北京大学学报（医学版）》2012年第3期444-447,共4页Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences

基　　金：卫生部部属(管)医院临床学科重点项目([2007]353-46);首都医学发展基金(2007-1006)资助~~

摘　　要：目的:探讨铬酸盐接触对工人肺通气功能的影响。方法:选择河南省某铬酸盐生产企业铬酸盐接触的95人为接触组,非铬酸盐接触的42人为对照组,于2010年冬季和2011年冬季,进行了连续2次职业健康体检,比较该人群肺通气功能的变化。结果:2010年铬酸盐接触组与对照组比较,发现肺通气功能指标用力肺活量[forcedvital capacity,FVC,(75.38±15.23)L vs.(83.99±26.52)L]、一秒用力呼气容积[(forced expiratory volume in onesecond,FEV1,(82.13±16.51)L vs.(91.24±30.03)L]、用力肺活量/一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1/FVC,112.10±13.23 vs.116.18±11.32)、呼气峰值流速[peak expiratory flow,PEF,(74.31±28.09)L vs.(78.13±28.34)L]、最大呼吸流量[maximal expiratory flow,MEF,(101.23±46.37)L/s vs.(110.02±41.40)L/s]、每分钟最大通气量[maximum ventilation volume,MVV,(90.82±16.89)L/min vs.(99.95±22.61)L/min]均显著下降(P<0.05)。2011年铬酸盐接触组与对照组比较,肺通气功能指标FVC[(72.34±14.18)L vs.(81.01±20.79)L)、FEV1[(76.04±16.20)L vs.(86.71±24.53)L]、FEV1/FVC(109.10±16.18 vs.114.08±10.79)、PEF[(71.35±24.87)L/s vs.(75.36±20.67)L/s)、MEF[(96.51±30.17)L/s vs.(107.11±34.81)L/s]、MVV[(84.85±21.22)L/minvs.(96.77±22.63)L/min]亦有显著下降(P<0.05),并且2011年与2010年相比较,接触组肺通气功能指标FEV1[(76.04±16.20)L vs.(82.13±16.51)L]、MEF[(96.51±30.17)L/s vs.(101.23±46.37)L/s]、MVV[(84.85±21.22)L/min vs.(90.82±16.89)L/min]均显著下降(P<0.05)。由FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC,这3种指标对肺功能损伤进行分级和分型发现,接触组损伤程度的分布与对照组无区别,而损伤类型则以限制型为主,且未观察到随时间的变化。对铬酸盐接触工人进行工种分层分析后发现,不同工种肺功能差异有统计学意义,提示工种对肺功能损伤影响显著。结论:提示长期铬酸盐接触对肺通气功能损伤明显,并受工种影响显著。ABSTRACT Objective：To explore changes of pulmonary ventilation function of chromate exposed workers. Methods： Ninety-five chromate exposed workers were used as exposure group, and forty-two workers without chromate exposure as control group. Pulmonary ventilation function was performed two times in the winter of 2010 and 2011 respectively in one chromate manufactured factory in Henan Province. Results：In 2010, pulmonary ventilation function of chromate exposed group compared with the control group, forced vital capacity [ FVC, （75.38 ± 15.23 ） L vs. （83.99 v 26.52） L ], forced expirato- ry volume in one second [ FEV 1, （ 82.13± 16.51 ） L vs. （ 91.24 ± 30.03 ） L ], FEV 1/zFVC （ 112. 10 ± 13.23 vs. 116.18± 11.32）, peak expiratory flow [ PEF, （74.31 ± 28.09） L/s vs. （78.13 ± 28.34） L/ s）, maximal expiratory flow [ MEF, （101.23 ±46.37） L/s vs. （110.02 ± 41.40）L/s], maximum ven- tilation volume [ MVV, （ 90.82 ± 16.89 ） L/mix vs. （99.95± 22.61 ） L/mix ] were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05）. In 2011, pulmonary ventilation function of chromate exposed group compared with the control group, FVC[ （72.34 ±14.18）L vs. （81.01 ±20.79）L1, FEVI [（76.04 ± 16.20）L vs. （86.71 e 24.53）L], FEVyFVC（109.10 v 16.18 vs. 114.08 ± 10.79）, PEF[ （71.35 ±24.87 ） L/s vs. （75.36± 20.67 ） L/s 1, MEF [ （96.51 ± 30.17） L/s vs. （ 107.11± 34.81 ） L/s 1, MVV [ （ 84.85 ±21.22 ） L/mix vs. （96.77 ± 22.63 ） L/min] were also significantly decreased （ P 〈 0.05 ）. 2011 compared with 2010, pulmonary ventilation function of chromate exposed group FEV1 [ （76.04± 16.20） L vs. （ 82. 13 ± 16.51）L], MEFI（96.51 ±30.17）L/s vs. （101.23±46.37）L/s], MVV[（84.85 ±21.22）L/min vs. （90.82 ±16.89）L/mini were significantly decreased（P 〈 0.05）. Comparing the classification and category of pulmonary dysfunction based on FVC, FEV1 , FVC/FEV1 , no difference was found for classi- fication between the two groups and

关 键 词：铬酸盐类 肺通气 职业病 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]