高水平公路自行车运动员急性低氧运动时肌氧饱和度变化特征研究  

The Change of Characteristics of Muscle Oxygen during Acute Hypoxic Exercise in Elite Road Race Cyclists

作　　者：徐飞[1] 马国东[2] 李岳[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学体育科学研究所,浙江杭州310023 [2]吉林体育学院,吉林长春130022 [3]清华大学医学院生物医学工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2012年第6期56-60,65,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(60578004)

摘　　要：目的:研究高水平公路自行车运动员急性低氧运动时肌氧饱和度特征。方法:采用交叉设计,通过无损近红外光谱学技术(NIRS)连续监测17名优秀公路自行车运动员常氧和低氧(模拟3 200 m,FIO2～14.0%)急性递增负荷运动时肌氧饱和度、心肺功能及通气指标的变化。结果:1)在4个不同功率等级低氧Δ[O2Hb]均显著高于常氧对应值,Δ[HHb]在50%、75%和100%最大功率时均显著低于常氧对应值,而Δ[THb]在各相对功率等级时无显著性差异。2)低氧时通气无氧阈(VT)和最大摄氧量(.VO2max)对应的HR、SpO2和Power皆显著低于常氧对应值。低氧时VT和.VO2max对应的低氧通气指标(V.E/V.O2、.VE/V.CO2)皆显著高于常氧对照值。结论:反映心血管系统与肌肉代谢耦联的低氧通气反应(HVR)是肌氧饱和度变化的基础,是肌氧饱和度反映肌肉代谢疲劳的重要生理机制。而提高运动员高原低氧时的HVR是提高其耐缺氧能力的基础,是进而提高有氧能力和运动成绩的关键。Purpose： The purpose of the present study paper is to observe the changes of characteristics of muscle oxygen during acute hypoxic exercise in elite road race cyclists. Methcd： This study was conducted using a cross- over design. By using the near-infrared spectrum （NIRS） technique to investigate the changes of muscle oxygen, cardiopulrnonary function and ventilations when 17 elite cyclists were performed acute hypoxic maximal incremental exercise test under normoxia and acute hypoxic chamber （ simulated 3 200 m, FIO2 - 14.0 % ）. Result： 1） △[ HHb] and △[ THb] slightly increased in the same intensity between 75% and 100% peak pcmer. However, △[O2Hb] is significantly higher and △[ HHb] is significantly lower than the corresponding nomoxic values in seine specific different peak power levels. 2） In hypoxia, the HR, SpO2 and Power are significantly lower than normoxic values when cyclists achieved ventilation threshold （VT） and maximal oxygen consumption （VO2max）. In addition, the cyclists＇ hypoxia ventilation responses （VE/VO2,VE/VCO2） are significantly lower than normoxia when they achieved VT and VO2max. Conclusion： The hypoxic venfilatory response （HVR） reflects the coupling of cardiovascular system and muscle metabolism, and it is the basis of changes in muscle oxygen saturation. In addition, the HVR is an important physiological mechanism of changes in muscle oxygen saturation and muscle metabolic fatigue. Thus, the improvement of HVR level in hypoxia is beneficial to improving cyclists＇ performance.

关 键 词：公路赛自行车运动员 急性低氧运动 近红外光谱学技术 肌氧饱和度 低氧通气反应 

分 类 号：G872.3[文化科学—体育训练]