甘肃省武山县适龄儿童扩大免疫规划实施效果评价  

Evaluation on the implementation effect of Expanded Program on Immunization in Wushan County of Gansu Province

作　　者：雷红霞[1] 钟纪荣 刘全亮[1] 杨武武 于红侠[1] 卢楚胤 张新田[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省武山县疾病预防控制中心,741300

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2012年第3期113-117,共5页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的通过甘肃武山县实施扩大免疫规划疫苗接种率评价,探讨适合西部农村县区扩大免疫规划考评的指标,为指导预防接种工作提供依据。方法从武山县15个乡镇中随机抽取8个乡镇,每乡抽取3个村,调查国家实施扩大免疫规划前后出生儿童疫苗接种情况、儿童监护人相关知识,评价接种率。结果共调查720名适龄儿童,建证率和建卡率在扩大国家免疫规划前后没有明显变化,但卡、证相符率由扩大免疫规划前2007年出生儿童的30.0%,提高到扩大免疫规划后2009年度和2010年度出生儿童的44.6%和57.4%。实施扩大免疫规划前后,BCG、HepB、OPV、DTP、MV5种疫苗接种率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.066～4.011,P均<0.05),但乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率由扩大免疫规划前的2007年出生儿童的70.8%提高到2010年的96.0%以上。扩大免疫规划后新纳入的HepA接种率达到92.1%;乙脑疫苗接种率由2007年出生儿童的90.0%提高到2010年的97.9%。儿童母亲和父亲疫苗相关知识知晓率明显高于祖父母和外祖父母(χ2=514.76,P<0.001),预防保健机构是获得相关知识的主要来源。结论实施扩大免疫规划对经济社会发展相对落后的西部县区免疫预防工作具有重要的促进作用;卡、证相符率、乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率、新增疫苗合格接种率是扩大免疫规划效果评价的敏感指标。Objective To estimate the achievements of expanded program on immunization （EPI） implemented in Wushan County, Gansu, and to determine the evaluation indicators that were suitable for low-income areas in China. Methods 8 districts were randomly selected from all 15 districts in Wushan. 3 villages were selected from each district. Children who were born before and after EPI implemented were investigated and the information of vaccination and their parents＇ awareness were collected. The analysis of immunization coverage rate was enrolled in this study. Results Although there was no difference in the rate of vaccination card and certificate before and after EPI among the total of 720 children, the matching rate of vaccination card and certificate was increased from 30.0% in 2007 to 44.6% in 2009 and 57.4% in 2010. The differences of proportions receiving Bacillus Calmett-Guerin vaccine （BCG）, fully three doses of Hepatitis B Vaccine （HepB）, Oral Poliomyelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine （OPV）, Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Combined Vaccine （DTP） and Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine （MV） were not significant before and after EPI. However, the HepB timely coverage of the first dose after birth increased from 70.8% before EPI to 96.0% after EPI. The new vaccination coverage of Hepatitis A Vaccine （HepA） was up to 92.1%. And the coverage of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine （JE） also increased from 90.0% in 2007 to 97.9% in 2010. Adequate knowledge and practices regarding the vaccination were higher in parents than that in other types of guardians for children and better knowledge were mainly from districts health clinics. Conclusion The implementation of EPI showed that there was improvement in the immunization coverage in Wushan County. The matching rate of vaccination card and certificate, HepB timely coverage of the first dose and the coverage rates of new vaccine should be used for evaluation of the EPI in low - income county in China.

关 键 词：扩大免疫规划 接种率 儿童 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]