广东三地幼龄檀香生长和结香的早期评价  

Evaluation of Growth and Heartwood Formation of Young Sandal Plantations in Guangdong Province, South China

作　　者：刘小金[1] 徐大平[1] 杨曾奖[1] 张宁南[1] 杨丽莙 邓和大 张小云 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510520 [2]龙珠岛檀香产业科技有限公司,高要526113 [3]广东省肇庆市林业局,肇庆526040 [4]雷州市珍稀树木实业有限公司,雷州524200

出　　处：《林业科学》2012年第5期108-115,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业局"948"项目"檀香高效栽培技术与人工促成心材形成技术引进"(2008-04-02);广东省林业科技创新专项资金"珍贵树种良种选育与高效栽培技术研究与示范"(2010KJCX002-01);科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目"檀香资源培育与利用技术集成与示范"(2011GB24320004)

摘　　要：采用标准地调查的研究方法,调查广东省种植规模较具代表性的3个试验基地内6年生幼龄檀香的生长和结香情况,方差分析结果表明,3个试验基地内种植的同龄檀香,其树高、地径、胸径、净树干高度以及冠幅均差异显著(P<0.001),位于湛江的试验基地内,各种形态指标值均最大,平均树高为6.05m,平均地径为12.72cm,平均胸径为10.27cm,平均净树干高度为2.64m,平均冠幅(南北)为3.20m。利用生长锥对檀香树干进行钻孔取样,分析幼龄檀香的心材形成情况,结果表明,3个试验基地内的6龄檀香均已陆续开始形成心材,自然形成心材的比例为15%～20%。采用溶剂浸提法对钻取的心材提取檀香精油,精油含量在0.66%～1.76%之间;采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析檀香精油的成分及各成分的相对含量,结果表明,幼龄檀香精油的主要成分和檀香木油的国际标准成分相同,但含量较低,总檀香醇含量范围为34.31%～37.91%,精油质量没有达到国际标准。早期的生长和结香情况表明,檀香人工林的规模种植在广东表现良好。The growth of 6-year-old sandal plantations in three sandal research bases of Guangdong Province, south China were investigated using a sample plot survey method, statistically differences were found among those three bases in terms of height, diameter at ground level（DGL） , diameter at breast height（DBH） , clear bole height（CBH） as well as crown（NS direction） width （ P 〈 0. 001 ） , the base located in Zhanjiang got the best growth performance for most morphological indices, including an mean height of 6.05 m, an mean DGL of 12.72 cm, an mean DBH of 10.27 cm, an mean CBH of 2.64 m and an mean crown of 3.20 m. The presences of heartwood were studied using an increment core, and the results show that 15%--20% of 6-year-old sandals have formed heartwood naturally. Essential oil was extracted from heartwood through a solvent extraction method, and the oil content ranges from 0.66% to 1.76%. Oil composition as well as relative content of each component was also determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） , the results indicate that the main components of essential oil were the same as the ISO standards for S. album oil, while the quality have not meet with the ISO standard due to the low content of santalols, total santalols range from 34. 13% to 37.91%. Early growth and heartwood formation performance show that large scale sandal plantations grow well in Guangdong Province.

关 键 词：檀香 心材形成 精油成分 广东省 

分 类 号：S723.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]