中药草乌头基原植物考  

The textual research on the original plant of grass monkshood

作　　者：谢晋[1] 王德群[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学药学院谢晋,合肥230032 [2]安徽中医学院药学院

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2012年第3期152-155,共4页Chinese Journal of Medical History

摘　　要：根据文献梳理和实地调查，中药草乌头的传统主产区为华东，四川及周边地区为重要产区；华东地区草乌头的原植物以乌头及其变种黄山乌头、展毛乌头为主，四川及周边地区草乌头的原植物则以乌头、瓜叶乌头等为主。上述品种均属于乌头亚属的乌头属和蔓乌头系，是亲缘相近、最为进化的类群，也是乌头属植物中毒性最大的类群。另外，各地民间皆用当地乌头属植物作草乌头入药，但均为一段时期及部分地区的情况，在历代本草文献中几乎没有记载，也不可能成为历史上的主流品种。这与历版《药典》所规定的北乌头明显不同。而北乌头做为草乌头的正品，既不符合历史，也对草乌头的临床使用产生了一定的影响。According to the literature review and field investigation, the traditional production areas of the herb grass monkshood are East China, Sichuan and its surroundings. The protophytes of grass monks hood in the east China area are mainly the Huangshan monkshood variant and truppeliannm; but in the Si chuan area they are mainly aconite and aconitum hemsleyanum. The above belong to the aconitum of aconi turn suby and tendril monkshood. They are the closest genetic relatives and the most evolutive groups as well as the most toxic groups. Local aconite was used as grass monkshood medicine in folk medicine but this hap pened only in part of the region and for a period of time. There were few records in literature in past dynas ties and they would not have been able to be included in mainstream history. It is obviously different from the aconitum kusnezoffii which is stipulated in the pharmacopoeia in past ages. It is not in accordance with history to take kusnezoffii as certified quality grass monkshood and it also has some particular influence on the clinical use of grass monkshood.

关 键 词：草乌头 乌头 北乌头 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]