聚合物共混制备纳米和多孔碳纤维及性能研究  

Preparation of Carbon Nanofibers and Porous Carbon Fibers Through Polymer Blend Technique and Study on Their Properties

作　　者：谢天时[1] 端小平[1] 李光[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,上海201620

出　　处：《材料导报》2012年第12期97-100,共4页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NSFC50873023);上海市教委科研创新重点项目(11ZZ62)

摘　　要：聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)共混膜的结构和尺寸可由两组分比例和分子量调整。以PAN为碳前驱体,PMMA为热分解聚合物,并控制m(PAN)/m(PMMA)为30/70和70/30,通过湿法纺丝制备了PAN/PMMA共混纤维。以m(PAN)/m(PMMA)为30/70和70/30的共混纤维为原丝经碳化后获得了纳米碳纤维(CNFs)和多孔碳纤维(PCFs)。利用扫描电镜观察了所得CNFs和PCFs的形貌,发现单根CNFs的直径为50～150nm,PCFs中孔的直径为0.1～1μm。由CNFs和PCFs的拉曼光谱分析了不同碳化温度对CNFs和PCFs石墨化程度的影响,结果表明随碳化温度升高,石墨化程度也增加,同时电导率也随之提高。The dispersed phase dimension and structure of polyacrylonitrile/polymethyl methacrylate（PAN/ PMMA） blend films could be modulated by changing the ratio of these two components and the molecular weight of PAN. Using PAN as precursor polymer and PMMA as pyrolytic polymer, the PAN/PMMA blend fibers with the mass ratio of 30/70 and 70/30 were prepared through wet spinning process. The carbon nanofibers（CNFs） and porous carbon fibers（PCFs） were separately obtained after carbonization of the acquired PAN/PMMA blend fibers with two different ratios（30/70 and 70/30）. The morphologies of prepared CNFs and PCFs were observed by SEM. It is found that the diameter of CNFs were 50-150nm, and the pore diameter of PCFs were 0. 1-1μm. In addition, the formation of graphite phase structure of the carbon fibers was studied by Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the increasing of carbonization temperature was beneficial to the formation of graphite phase structure in CNFs and PCFs. The conductivities of the CNFs and PCFs become higher with increasing of carbonization temperature.

关 键 词：聚丙烯腈 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 共混纺丝 纳米碳纤维 多孔碳纤维 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ342[化学工程—化纤工业]