汉语普通话单音节测听词表在福建方言中的应用  

Speech test with Mandarin monosyllable lists in Fujian Dialect Speakers with Normal Hearing

作　　者：林少莲[1] 叶胜难[1] 陈曦[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,福州350005

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2012年第2期233-236,共4页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61003094);北京市科普基金(Z10111000201014);香港General Research Fund(GRF#780109M)

摘　　要：目的研究汉语普通话单音节测试材料在福建方言听力正常人中的测试效果。方法分别招募18～25岁以客家话、闽南话和福州话为母语的耳科正常人受试者各10名,在10dB HLSpeech强度下,依次进行22张单音节表的识别率测试,间隔10天至1个月后在完全相同的条件下重复进行第二轮测试。测试结果使用SPSS11.0统计软件进行统计分析,分别采用如下方法:①对三种方言受试者前后两次得分进行配对t检验;②对全部受试者前后得分作线性相关分析;③对三种方言测试结果进行单因素方差分析;④将方言组测试结果分别与北京地区普通话组数据进行单因素方差分析。结果相关分析显示各方言前后两次单音节识别测试得分之间存在较密切的线性相关关系(P<0.05),福州话组、客家话组及闽南话组相关系数分别为0.63、0.49、0.56。配对t检验表明初测得分与复测得分之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。逐表汇总两轮测试得分的差值,统计该差值在各方言组受试者中的标准差为分别为7.9%、7.7%、7.2%,转化成95%置信度下的临界差值(critical difference)分别为15.5%、15.1%、14.1%。。三种方言组之间测试结果单因素方差分析结果如下:福州话组与闽南话组之间比较P<0.01,差异有显著性意义;福州话组与客家话组之间比较P<0.01,差异有显著性意义;闽南话组与客家话组之间比较P>0.05,差异无显著性意义。结论汉语普通话单音节测听材料在福建不同方言人群测试结果跟标准普通话组差异具有显著性。客家话和闽南话组测试结果差异无显著性,福州话组与客家话及闽南话组测试结果差异具有显著性。福建方言人群使用该套单音节测听表进行疗效评价研究时,福州话、客家话及闽南话区的识别率提高值至少要在15.5%、15.1%、14.1%以上,方视为有效。Objective To assess the validity of mandarin monosyllable lists in testing Fujian dialect speakers with nor- mal hearing. Methods Normal hearing subjects from Fujian province whose primary languages were Hakka （n=lO）, Minnan （n=10） or Fuzhou （n=10） dialect, aged from 18~25 years, were tested using 22 Mandarin monosyllable lists at 10 dB HL- Speech. Tests were repeated twice following the same procedure protocol under the same condition, with a 10 - 30 day inter- val in all participants. The SPSS 11 statistical software was used to analyze the results, including： （~） paired t test for test scores from the two sessions of testing for subjects in all three dialect groups; ~） linear correlation analysis of the before and after scores in all participants; ~） rank test to compare the results among the three dialects; （~）single variable analysis of vari- ance between these dialect groups and data from Beijing Mandarin speakers. Results The scores of the first and second tests were highly correlated for all dialect speakers（P〈0.05）, although paired t test showed differences between the first and second test scores （P〈O.05）, with the average scores from the second test being higher than those from the first test. Comparison among the three dialect groups showed a difference between the Fuzhou and the Minnan dialect groups （P〈O.O1）, and between the Fuzhou and Hakka dialect groups （P〈0.O1）, but not between the Minnan and Hakka dialect groups （P〉0.05）. The critical difference value was higher in the Fujian dialect groups than in Beijing Mandarin speakers with statistically significant differences. Conclusion The test results of Mandarin monosyllable lists should be calibrated accordingly when used in the Fujian population with its different dialects.

关 键 词：言语测听 福州话 闽南话 客家话 

分 类 号：R764.04[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]