某镀双铬建设项目职业病危害预评价  

Pre-assessment of occupational hazards in construction project of double chromium plating factory

作　　者：武文方 董志伟[2] 牛心华 

机构地区：[1]郑州市职业病防治所职业卫生科,河南郑州450052 [2]郑州市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2012年第3期193-196,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

摘　　要：目的识别、分析某镀双铬建设项目可能产生的职业病危害因素,为卫生行政部门审批建设项目提供科学依据。方法选择与建设项目生产工艺、生产规模、生产制度相似的企业作为类比企业,采用类比法、检查表法、定量分级法相结合的原则进行预评价。结果建设项目生产过程中可能产生或存在的主要职业病危害因素有三氧化铬(铬酐、铬酸)、氢氧化钠、硫酸、噪声等。类比企业检测结果显示,电镀工接触各种毒物的浓度均未超过职业接触限值;加药工接触铬酐CSTEL为1.659 mg/m3,超过职业接触限值;抛光工接触噪声8 h等效声级为86.6 dB(A),超过职业接触限值。类比企业职业健康检查结果显示,接触三氧化铬52人,检出尿铬增高1例,异常率2.0%;接触噪声37人听力检查异常3例,均为抛光工,检出率8.1%,说明噪声已经对类比企业工人的听力产生了损害,提示建设项目应重视噪声强度的监测和防护;项目选址、总体布局、设备布局、辅助用室、职业卫生管理、应急措施等基本符合国家有关规定;个别岗位职业病防护设施的设计有待改进。结论本项目属于职业病危害严重的建设项目,防护措施如能按报告的要求整改,从职业卫生角度是可行的。Objective To identify and analyze the occupational hazards in construction project of double chromium plating factory, and assess the occupational risk factors possibly existed in the construction project. Methods The methods of col- lection data, field investigation of occupational health, engineering analysis, and detection on occupational hazard factors were applied in the analogical factory. Results The occupational hazard factors in the construction project were chromic anhydride, chromium acid, noise, sulphuric acid thermal radiation, etc. Monitoring results in analogical factory showed that various toxins＇ concentration of electroplating workers accorded with the requirements of national standards; Chromic an- hydride＇ s concentration of workers on plugging chemical site was 1. 659 mg/m3 （ exceeding the exvosure limits） ： Noise in-tensity of workers on polishing site was 86. 6 dB （A） , exceeding the occupational exposure limits; 1 case of urinary chromi- um was detected in 52 workers exposed chromic anhydride, rate of abnormal urinary chromium was 2. 0% ;3 cases of hear- ing loss were detected in 37 workers who exposed to noise , rate of abnormal hearing was 8.1% ,it showed that noise had produced damage to analogical enterprise worker＇s hearing, the construction project should pay attention to hearing＇s pro- tection. The items of site selection, overall layout , equipment layout, auxiliary room, occupation health management, emergency measures and others basically conformed to the related national standard. Individual posts＇ facilities for occupa- tion disease prevention, such as dosing post should be improved. Conclusion The project belongs to the serve occupational disease hazards, protective measures have some problems in the construction, especial plugging chemicals site, if it can be improved according to this report about assessment of occupational hazards, the construction project is basically feasible.

关 键 词：铬酐 铬酸 建设项目 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]