1286例急性中毒患者临床特点回顾及分析  

Clinical characteristics of acute poisoning： retrospective analysis of 1286 cases

作　　者：刘利峰[1] 夏鹄[1] 刘先华[1] 吴航滨[1] 宋海晶[1] 曹娟[1] 乔莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军第306医院急诊部,北京100101

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2012年第6期508-510,共3页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨急性中毒患者病因学构成、临床特点及与治疗、预后的关系。方法对我院十年间急性中毒患者病因、临床特点及治疗、预后分析。结果本院急诊抢救室十年间共收治急性中毒患者1286人。男：女为1：1．70，平均年龄（33．73±14．94）岁，明显低于就诊人群总发病年龄，青中年是中毒高发年龄。药物中毒占急性中毒总数的51．09％，其中镇静类药物占28．30％。酒精中毒是造成中毒患者意识障碍最主要原因（58．24％）。死亡率最高的是有机磷中毒，为4．95％，占死亡总数的71．43％。口服中毒是最常见的中毒途径，占91．76％。自杀是主要的中毒原因，占中毒患者总数的57％，并以女性占绝大多数为71．20％，平均年龄亦低于其他中毒原因，均有统计学差异均（P〈0．001）。结论急性中毒有自身的临床特点。早期、正确的判断及处理是治疗关键。社会、家族关心是减少发生的根本。Objective To explore the correlation between the etiology constructions, clinical characteristics and the treatment, as well as its prognosis for acute poisoning patients. Methods An analysis on all acute poisoning patients admitted in our emergency room in the past ten years was performed. Results In a total of 1286 acute poisoning patients admitted in past ten years, the proportion of male to female was 1：1.70 with an average age of 33.73＋ 14.94, which was obvious lower than the average age in general. Among the causes of poisoning, 51.09% were caused by alcoholism of which sedative medicine accounted for 28.3%. 4.95% organophosphate poisoning patients died, accounting for 71.43% of the total acute poisoning deaths. Oral ingestion, the most frequent route of poisoning, took 91.76% of the total poisoning cases. Suicide had become the major cause for being poisoned, accounting 57% of the total poisoning cases with an obvious younger age in average than other types of poisoning （P〈0.001）, of which female suicide took 71,20%. Conclusion Each acute poisonings carries its respective clinical characteristics. It is essential that it is diagnosed early and treated timely for a better prognosis. Furthermore, a joint effort of society and families may play an important role in significantly reducing the incidence of acute poisoning.

关 键 词：中毒 病因 急诊 自杀 死亡 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学]