淮河干流沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征与生态风险评价  

Levels and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments of Huaihe River and Ecological Risk

作　　者：陈国良[1,2] 刘玲[1] 张金良[1] 谭凤珠[2] 赵秀阁[1] 王先良[1] 郑丙辉[1] 马谨[1] 刘征涛[1] 孟伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]河北医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生教研室

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2012年第6期555-560,共6页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：环境保护部淮河流域环境污染与健康调查项目

摘　　要：为客观描述淮河干流沉积物中多环芳烃（PAHs）含量及分布特征，并为进一步开展生态风险评价和环境综合治理提供科学依据。通过检索文献数据库搜集1980--2010年有关淮河流域PAHs的研究结果，整合分析文献中涵盖淮河干流自上游至下游的35个采样断面沉积物中16种美国国家环保局提出的优先控制PAHs的含量分布，并对其潜在的生态风险进行评价。结果显示，淮河干流沉积物中PAHs平均含量为143．1ng／g，与国内其他流域沉积物中PAHs含量相比，处于较低水平。淮河干流沉积物中PAHs含量变化幅度较大，在淮南市凤台大桥断面（2007年）含量达到1293．0ng／g，淮南市洛河电厂断面（2007年）含量为1278．0ng／g，淮南市平圩断面（2006年）PAHs总含量是1007．7ng／g，而在蚌埠市韩郢断面（2007年）含量仅为5．4ng／g，蚌埠市一号码头断面（2007年）含量是6．7ng／g。对其潜在的生态风险进行评价可以看出，淮河干流沉积物中PAHs平均含量远低于潜在生态风险的效应区间低值（4022ng／g），生态风险小于10％，极少产生负面效应。从单一种类的PAHs含量来看，淮河干流沉积物中仅有二苯并（a，h）蒽平均含量（156．5ng／g）超过风险评价效应区间低值（63．4ng／g），低于生态风险的效应区间中值（260ng／g），生态风险在10％～50％之间；苯并（b／k）荧蒽、茚并（1，2,3-cd）芘和苯并（g，h，i）芄没有最低安全值，只要在环境中存在就会对生物有毒副作用，在报告的35个断面中，除外蚌埠市韩郢断面（2007年）、蚌埠市五河县城断面（2004年）、滁州明光市太平乡断面（2004年）和滁州明光市小河头断面（2004年）等4个断面未检出外，其他断面都至少检出一种没有安全低值的PAHs。综述显示，淮河干流沉积物PAHs含量状况总体程度较低，潜在的生态风险较低；但个别断面�To describe the levels and distributions of 16 PAHs in the sediments of Huaihe River, and to provide the scientific basis for environment management and further ecological risk assessment. The articles on the PAHs in the sediments of Huaihe River were searched and collected from 1980 to 2010, the levels and distributions of 16 kinds of PAHs in the 35 reported sections of the sediments in Huaihe River basin were integrated and analyzed and the potential ecological risk was evaluated. The results showed that the average content of the PAHs in the sediments of Huaihe River was 143.1 ng/g, which was lower than those in the other rivers basin in China, such as Yangtze River in Nanjing, Yellow River and Pearl River. The levels of the PAHs in the sediments showed great surge along the main stream of Huaihe River. The levels of PAHs were 1 293.0 ng/g at the Fengtai Bridge（Huainan, 2007）, 1 278.0 ng/g at the Luo River Power Plant （Huainan, 2007） and 1 007.7 ng/ g at the Pingwei （Huainan, 2006）, while 5Ang/g at Han ying（Bengbu, 2007） and 6.7 ng/g at the Pier One（Bengbu, 2007）. Based on Long＇s method of effects range low and median（ERL/ERM） calculated potential ecological risk of PAHs in the sediments was less than 10%. The level of dibenzo（a,h） anthracene was 156.5ng/g and its ecological risk was between 10% and 50%. Benzo （b/ k） fluoranthene, indeno（1,2,3-cd） pyrene and benzo（g,h,i） perylene and so on were detected in 31 of 35 sections, which implied that there were the biological toxic side effects in sediments of Huaihe River. Compared with the other river basin, the contents of the PAHs in the sediments of Huaihe River were lower and with a low ecological risk. However, attention should be pay to the detected PAHs without minimum safe value in some sections.

关 键 词：淮河 干流 沉积物 多环芳烃 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]