不同时期涂抹KT-30乳液对苹果幼树发枝的影响  

Effects of Painting KT-30 Emulsion on Buds in Different Time on Branching and Growth of Young Apple Trees

作　　者：孟云[1] 马少锋[1] 邵建柱[1] 孙建设[1] 乔雪华[1] 马宝焜[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《北方园艺》2012年第12期9-12,共4页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助项目(CARS-28);河北省林业局资助项目(1117410)

摘　　要：以2 a生矮化中间砧"红富士"苹果幼树为试材,从萌芽前到7月份,对中心干延长枝剪口以下30～60 cm缺枝部位涂抹100 mg/kg KT-30乳液,研究不同时期涂抹KT-30乳液对促进苹果幼树芽体萌发及定位发枝的影响。结果表明:4月上旬、4月下旬、5、6与7月中心干延长枝剪口以下30～60 cm部位对照萌芽率分别平均为43.7%、6.07%、0%、0%与10.75%。涂抹KT-30乳液后,第7～10天芽体萌发,从萌芽前4月5日到生长季7月5日,各处理芽的平均萌芽率均大于80%,其中5月25日处理后萌芽率最高,为100%,与其它处理时期的差异极显著。4与7月处理的芽体成枝力低,多抽生为短枝,其中7月25日处理后成枝力最低,为0%,极显著小于其它处理时期的,并且抽生枝条成熟度较差。5月25日与6月10日处理的芽体成枝力高,分别为66.0%与57.6%,超长枝长度平均为66.7与91.1cm,枝条生长健壮,成熟度好。随处理时期的延后,枝干比呈现减小趋势,4、5、6与7月分别平均为0.43、0.40、0.38与0.28。Based on painting 100 mg/kg KT-30 emulsion on different buds from 30 cm to 60 cm down the top of central shoot decapitated in last winter from April to July,effects of painting KT-30 emulsion on buds in different time on branching and growth of young apple trees were studied with two - year - old ’ Red Fuji’ apple trees on dwarfing inter-rootstocks.The results showed that natural germination rate of buds of the control from 30 cm to 60 cm down the top of central shoot decapitated in last winter in earlier April,later April,May,June and July was 43.7%,6.07%,0%, 0%and 10.75%on average respectively,and buds treated by KT-30 emulsion germinated on the seventh day,moreover, the germination rate of buds treated from April 5th to July 5th was all higher than 80%,the germination rate of buds treated on May 25th was 100%which was significantly higher than that treated in other time.Besides,buds treated in April and July with low branching ability almost grew to spurs,the branching ability was 0%which was the lowest when buds were treated on July 25th,and especially because of less growth time,all the buds treated in July grew to spurs or medium branches with bad maturity.However,buds treated on May 25th and July 10th had strong branching ability which was 66.0%and 57.6%on average,and the average length of super long branches with strong growth vigor and good maturity was 66.7 cm and 91.1 cm respectively.The ratio of branch diameter to trunk diameter showed a gradually decreasing trend as the treatment time delayed,which was 0.43,0.40,0.38 and 0.28 on average in April,May,June and July respectively.

关 键 词：苹果 KT-30 萌芽率 成枝力 分枝 整形 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]