城市污水处理厂生成的微生物气溶胶的污染特性  

Pollution Characteristics of Microbial Aerosols Generated from a Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant

作　　者：邱雄辉[1] 李彦鹏[1] 牛铁军[1] 李美玲[1] 马智慧[1] 苗莹[1] 王湘君[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,西安710054

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第7期2191-2196,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20706007);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(CHD2012JC005)

摘　　要：为探明城市污水厂生成的微生物气溶胶的污染特性,于2011年6～7月利用Andersen六级撞击式采样器对西安市第三污水处理厂不同污水处理单元的微生物气溶胶进行现场采样,利用平皿培养和菌落计数法检测分析了细菌、真菌和放线菌这3类微生物气溶胶的浓度、粒径分布和中值直径.结果表明,污水处理厂污泥脱水车间的细菌和放线菌气溶胶浓度最高,分别为7 866 CFU.m-3±960 CFU.m-3和2 139 CFU.m-3±227 CFU.m-3,而真菌气溶胶浓度最高出现在氧化沟,为2 156 CFU.m-3±119 CFU.m-3.细菌、真菌和放线菌气溶胶粒径分布均呈偏态型,其中细菌和真菌的粒径分布峰值出现在2.1～3.3μm范围,而放线菌气溶胶粒径分布峰值出现在1.1～2.1μm范围.总体上,污水厂中细菌气溶胶中值直径>真菌气溶胶中值直径>放线菌气溶胶中值直径.另外,微生物气溶胶的空间变化特征表现为粒径大的微生物气溶胶浓度减少率大.3类微生物气溶胶浓度减少率的变化程度从大到小依次为细菌>真菌>放线菌.To characterize the pollution characteristics of microbial aerosols emitted from municipal sewage treatment plants, microbial aerosols were sampled with an Andersen 6-stage impactor at different treatment units of a Xi＇an sewage treatment plant between June 2011 and July 2011. The plate-culture and colony-counting methods were employed to determine the concentrations, particle size distributions and median diameters of the airborne bacteria, fungi and aetinomycetes. The results showed that the highest concentrations of bacteria （7 866 CFU.m-3 ＋960 CFU.m-3） and aetinomyeetes （2 139 CFU.m-3±227 CFU.m 3） were found in the sludge- dewatering house while the highest fungi concentration （2 156 CFU.m-3±119 CFU＇m-3） in the oxidation ditch. The airborne bacteria, fungi and actinomyeetes all showed a skewed distribution in particle size. The peaks of bacteria and fungi were in the size range of 2. 1-3.3μm, whereas the peak of airborne actinomycetes was between 1. 1-2. 1 p,m in size. In general, the order of the median diameters of different microbial aerosols generated from the sewage treatment plant was airborne bacteria 〉 airborne fungi 〉 airborne actinomycetes. In addition, the spatial variation characteristics of microbial aerosols showed that the larger the particle size of the microorganism, the faster the reducing rate of the aerosol concentration. The variations in the reducing rate of concentration with particle sizes can be ordered as airborne bacteria 〉 airborne fungi 〉 airborne aetinomyeetes.

关 键 词：城市污水处理厂 微生物气溶胶 污染特性 粒径分布 浓度 中值直径 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]