氨氮在饮用水生物滤池内的去除机制  

Mechanism of NH_4^+-N Removal in Drinking Water Biofilter

作　　者：刘冰[1,2] 范辉[1] 余国忠[1] 于鑫[2] 赵承美[1] 李清飞[1] 张舒婷[2] 魏博[2] 

机构地区：[1]信阳师范学院城市与环境科学学院,信阳464000 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所,厦门361021

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第7期2394-2402,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50408026;51078343);信阳师范学院博士科研启动基金项目(91231);信阳师范学院青年骨干教师资助计划项目(120511);省部共建黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(GTYR2011006);河南省科技计划项目(122102310365)

摘　　要：为探讨饮用水生物滤池对NH4+-N的去除机制,测定生物滤池进出水中NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、单质氮(N2)、温度和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)等指标,并采集生物滤池不同层高(0、10、20、40、60 cm)活性炭生物填料,应用分子生物学技术,对样品中的细菌种群进行研究.结果表明,根据进水NH4+-N浓度分为3个阶段,第一、二和三阶段都发生了"氮亏损"现象(出水无机氮之和小于进水无机氮之和),氮亏损的量(出水无机氮之和与进水无机氮之和的差值)分别为0.94、0.32和0.15 mg.L-1.氮亏损的量与进水中NH4+-N浓度有很好的正相关性,但与进水中高锰酸盐指数浓度没有线性关系.第一阶段水中N2的平均浓度随着生物滤池填料层高呈上升趋势,进水中N2平均浓度是14.04 mg.L-1,出水N2平均浓度为14.67 mg.L-1.测序结果显示活性炭上生物膜中氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)全部归为3个常见属:Nitrosococcus、Nitrosomonas和Nitrosospira.当生物滤池进水NH4+-N浓度较高时,生物滤池中发生的"氮亏损"现象是由AOB的作用.In order to explore the mechanism of NH4＋-N removal in drinking water biofiher, water quality parameters, such as NH4＋ -N, NO2--N, NO3--N, total phosphorus, permanganate index, nitrogen gas, temperature and dissolved oxygen etc, were determined in the inflow and outflow of biofilter. Samples of granular activated carbon （GAC） at different height （0, 10, 20, 40, 60 cm） of the biofiter media were collected and analyzed for the bacterial community with molecular biology techniques. The bacterial diversity in the activated carbon biofilm sample was studied based on the phylogenetic analysis of sequences. The results showed that there were three stages according to the NH4＋ -N concentration in the influeut. The nitrogen loss phenomenon （total inorganic nitrogen in the effluent was less than that in the influent） occurred at the first, second and third stages and the amount of nitrogen loss were 0.94, 0.32 and 0. 15 mg.L-1, respectively. The amount of nitrogen loss had a good positive correlation with the NH4＋-N concentration in the influent, but not a linear relationship with the concentration of the permanganate index in the influent. The average concentrations of N2increased gradually with the height of media in the biofilter, with values of 14.04 and 14.67 mg.L-1 in the influent and the effluent, respectively. Based on the sequencing results, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） in the activated carbon biofilm were classified into three common genera： Nitrosococcus, Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira. When the NH4＋-N concentration in the influent was relatively high, the nitrogen loss phenomenon in biofilter was catfse by the AOB.

关 键 词：饮用水生物滤池 氮亏损现象 分子生物学 NH4+-N去除 氮气 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]