动物行为研究的新进展(四):食物贮藏与计划未来  

New Advances in Study of Animal Behavior(Ⅳ): Food Caching and Planning for Future

作　　者：尚玉昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《自然杂志》2012年第3期157-160,共4页Chinese Journal of Nature

摘　　要：动物前脑大小与觅食创新之间存在着神经生物学联系,通常是前脑越大觅食创新能力越强,觅食创新能力可大大提高鸟类的食物摄取率,从而对鸟类的生存和生殖有利。松鸦具有令人难以置信的记忆力,它常常为了未来的需要而贮藏大量的食物,并能在以后重新找到它们。当检查贮藏食物的行为与脑海马大小之间关系的时候,发现很多鸟类都表现出极明显的正相关关系,海马体积越大,贮食行为就越发达,这表明海马的大小是鸦科鸟类空间记忆力和觅食行为进化的关键因素。鸦科鸟类的祖先是适度贮藏食物者,这就是说,原始鸦科鸟类中的一些物种朝着专化贮藏食物者的方向进化,而另一些种类则走向了完全丧失贮藏食物的能力。通过观察和巧妙的实验,现已证实动物确实具有计划未来的能力。While the studies described so far often involve animals learning something about foraging environment, they were not de- signed as studies on foraging and learning per se（in itself）. To even touch on the tip of the iceberg of studies done on learning and ani- mal foraging would require a series of books. After all, these sorts of studies have been a mainstay in psychology over the last fifty years, and there have been thousands of studies examining learning in the context of foraging . Here we shall look at a tiny but impor- tant subsection of the work on the foraging and learning by focusing on：（]） brain size effects on the foraging and learning; （~）learning and planning for the future~ （3）hippocampal size and caching abili- ty~ （~）evolution and phylogeny of food caching.

关 键 词：食物贮藏 计划未来 脑海马 觅食 系统发生 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]