咸宁市2007-2011年麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xian-ning City(2007-2011)

作　　者：陆剑波[1] 刘城[1] 周红俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省咸宁市疾病预防控制中心,湖北咸宁437100

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2012年第3期24-27,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解咸宁市近5年麻疹疫情流行规律,为调整控制与消除麻疹的策略提供科学依据。方法对咸宁市2007-2011年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果咸宁市2007-2011年麻疹疫情以散发为主,共报告发病885例,死亡3例,年均发病率为7.10/10万,其中2009年发病率最高(15.54/10万),2011年发病率最低(0.08/10万),二者的差异有统计学意义(χ2=376.77,P=0.00)。流行季节以4～7月春夏季节为主,2007年因局部暴发的发生存在两个流行高峰;发病地区以崇阳、咸安、通城三个地区为主,占总发病数的84.63%(749/885);农村病例多于城镇病例,比例为1.38:1(513/372),流动人口占有一定比例(16.95%);发病最大年龄为80岁,最小发病年龄为2月龄,多为15岁以下儿童,占总发病数的87.12%(771/885),主要集中在8月龄～5岁的小年龄组儿童,占总发病数的63.84%;≥8月龄病例中有明确麻疹疫苗免疫史者99例,占15.11%,无免疫者248例,占37.86%,免疫史不详者308例,占47.02%;8月龄～14岁无免疫史和免疫史不详者460例,占该年龄组病例的82.59%。结论咸宁市麻疹发病模式属于小年龄组发病模式,常规免疫工作还存在薄弱环节,必须做好适龄儿童常规免疫,达到并保持高水平的接种率。Objective To understand the situation of measles epidemic of Xianning city in the past 5 years, so as to provide evidence for adjusting the strategies for the control and elimination of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed, measles incidence in Xianning City from 2007 to 2011 was analyzed. Results Measles epidemic in Xian-niang city from 2007 to 2011 showed a sporadic pattern, 885 eases in total, death 3, the average annual in- cidence rate was 7. 10 per hundred thousand, the average annual incidence rate in 2009 being the highest （15.54 per hundred thousand）, and it was the lowest in 2011 （0. 08 per hundred thousand）, showing significant statistical difference （χ2 = 376.77,P = 0. 00）. The epidemic season was from April to July, since there was local outbreak in 2007, it showed 2 epidemic peaks. The majority was in Chongyang, Xianan, and Tongcheng districts, accounting for 84. 63% （749/885）in the total incidence. More patients were in rural area, the ratio between rural and township was i. 38：1 （513/372）. The floating population occupied 16.95%. The oldest was 80 years old, while the youngest was 2 months. Children under 15 occupied 87. 12% （771/885）, most were between 8 months to 5 years old （63.84%）. 99 cases in the 8 month-group had distinct measles vaccination history （15. 11% ）,248 eases （37.86%） had no vaccination history, 308 cases unknown, （47.02%）. 460 cases in the 8-month to 14-year old group （82. 59% ） had no or unknown immunization history. Conclusion The measles epidemic pattern of Xianning city belongs to the younger-age type, it means that the routine vaccination work was quite weak. To reach the target of eliminating measles, the routine vaccination work among the school-age children should be strengthened to maintain the coverage rate at a higher level. At the same time, case management, the control of nosocomial infection, the supplementary vaccination for the missing cases and disease surveillance should be comprehens

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 控制策略 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]