武汉市不同行业职业病危害与职业卫生服务现状分析  

Analysis of occupational hazards and occupational health services of different industrial enterprises in Wuhan City

作　　者：盖梅[1] 童玲[1] 李济超 彭红艳[1] 宋伟[1] 朱长才[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院,武汉430065 [2]武汉市职业病防治院

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2012年第3期39-43,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解武汉市不同行业职业有害因素分布、职业环境监测、职业病损和职业卫生服务现状。方法通过历史资料查阅、访谈调查、环境监测、健康体检收集武汉市辖区2 891家不同用人单位的职业病危害和职业卫生服务资料,使用SPSS 17.0对资料进行描述性指标和卡方检验。结果 2 891家用人单位中,存在粉尘、化学毒物、物理因素危害的企业分别有700家(24.21%)、454家(15.70%)、266家(9.20%)。2007-2009年职业环境监测,粉尘超标率分别为26.94%、45.53%、71.97%,不同年度粉尘超标率比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);化学毒物超标率分别为6.56%、22.62%、26.40%,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。武汉市不同行业2007年-2009年共检出各类职业病47例。147 612名接害职业人员中,参加岗前体检人数为41 837人,岗前体检率为28.34%,参加作业期间体检人数106 810人,作业期间体检率为72.36%。147 612名职业危害暴露人数中,接害女工人数有28 089人,占19.03%;接害农民工人数有52 517人,占35.58%。1 369家存在有职业危害的用人单位中,有954家用人单位设置有职业卫生服务机构,职业卫生服务机构设置率为69.69%。结论武汉市不同行业职业病危害因素主要为传统的粉尘、毒物和物理性有害因素。职业性粉尘与职业毒物环境监测超标率呈现逐年上升趋势。职业健康监护与职业卫生服务机构配置有待加强。Objective To investigate the distribution of the occupational hazards, occupational impairments and occupational health services in the existing industrial enterprises in Wuhan. Methods Information about the general situation, the distribution of the occupational harmful factors, occupational health services and occupational impairments were collected in 2 891 industrial enterprises in Wuhan. Historical data, personal interview, environmental monitoring and health examination were studied. Establishment of a database using EXCEL 2003 was set up. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were conducted through SPSS 17. 0 to analyze the collected data. Results In the 2 891 industrial enterprises in Wuhan, 700 enterprises （24.21%） had the problem of dust, 454 companies （ 15.70% ） had the problem of chemical poisoning. In the occupational hazardous factor monitoring between 2007 and 2009, dust exceeding rate was 26. 94%, 45.53%, 71.97% respectively, the difference was significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; toxic chemicals exceeding rate were 6.56%, 22.62%, 26.40% respectively, the difference was also significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. In the detection of occupational diseases in 2007- 2009, among the industrial enterprises in WuHan City, 47 kinds of occupational diseases were found. Among the 147 612 workers exposing to occupational hazards： the number of participating in pre-service physical examination was 41 837 （28.34%）, the number of participating in the on-the-job physical examination was 106 810 （72. 36% ）. Among the 147 612 workers, the number of female was 28 089, accounting for 19. 03% ; the number of migrant workers was 52 517,accounting for 35.58%. Of the 1 369 enterprises with occupation hazards, 954 enterprisesprovided with occupation health service institutions （69.69%）. Conclusions The main occupational hazardous factors of industrial enterprises in Wuhan were ： dust, toxic chemicals and physical risk factors. The exceeding rate of occupational toxicants environment tends to increase ye

关 键 词：职业病 职业有害因素 环境监测 健康监护 职业卫生服务 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]