漆包线工人职业紧张对健康的影响  

Influence of occupational stress on the quality of life in workers of an enameled enterprise

作　　者：胡志平[1] 吴成峰[1] 韦宁凯[1] 王勇[1] 丁士旵[1] 张乾驰[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省铜陵市疾病预防控制中心,安徽铜陵244000

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2012年第3期51-55,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解漆包线作业工人职业紧张对健康的影响。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),调查整群抽取的319名漆包线作业工人的职业任务、职业紧张反应、应对资源,采用生命质量量表(WHOQOL-BREF中文版)进行评价。结果职业紧张各问卷得分高低两组间,生命质量各领域及总得分差异都有显著性(P<0.01)。职业任务及各子项(责任感除外)、紧张反应及各子项与生命质量各领域及总得分呈负相关(P<0.01),应对资源及各子项与生命质量各领域及总得分呈正相关(P<0.01),职业紧张各问卷与生理、心理领域的相关性强于与社会、环境领域,与生理、心理领域2者的相关性相近。职业任务、紧张反应和应对资源3者对生理、心理领域都有预测作用,生理、心理领域的主要影响因素包括了职业紧张各问卷,其子项有任务不适、任务模糊、工作环境、责任感、躯体紧张反应、心理紧张反应、理性处事、社会支持、娱乐休闲和自我保健。结论漆包线作业工人职业紧张可影响其生命质量。职业任务和紧张反应的增高可降低漆包线工人的生命质量,应对资源的增多可提高工人的生命质量,在研究职业紧张对健康的影响时,既要重视其对心理健康的影响,也要重视对生理健康的影响。在制订提高漆包线工人健康水平的措施时,既要重视减轻任务不适、任务模糊等职业紧张因素,也要重视躯体和心理紧张反应,更要重视提高应对资源。Objective To study the influence of occupational stress to the quality of life in the workers of an enameled wire enterprise. Methods The occupational stress inventory revised edition （OSI-R） and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire abbreviated version （WHOQOL-BREF） were employed to assess the occupational stress and quality of life among 319 workers in an enameled wire enterprise. Results Between the high and low score groups of occupational stress, the differences in each fields and the total score of quality of life were statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Fields and total score of quality of life were negatively correlated with occupational stress reaction and its items （ ex- cept responsibility）, （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, and positively correlated with coping resource and its items. Physical and psychological fields had a higher correlation with occupational stress than that of the social and environmental fields. Occupational task, stress reaction and coping resources had the function of prediction on physiological and psychological fields. The role insufficiency, role ambiguity, physical environment, responsibility, physical strain, psychological strain, rational/cognitive, so- cial support, recreation and self-care were the main influencing factors on physical and psychological fields. Conclusions Occupational stress of workers in an enameled wire enterprise may influence the quality of life. The increased occupational task and strain could reduce the quality of life, while the increased resources of workers could improve the quality of life. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the role of insufficiency, role ambiguity, physical strain and psychological strain.

关 键 词：漆包线工人 职业紧张 生命质量 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]