电站开发对哈巴河水生高等植物生物多样性的影响  

Impact of Power Station on Biodiversity of Aquatic Higher Plants in Haba River

作　　者：牛建功 蔡林钢 李红 刘建 

机构地区：[1]新疆水产科学研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2012年第2期43-47,共5页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31060357)资助

摘　　要：2009年至2011年连续3年的7～8月累计调查数据分析表明,电站开发使得额尔齐斯河的一级支流———哈巴河部分河段由原来的天然河流型生态群落逐步演变为水库型生态群落,水生高等植物多样性和种类组成也随之发生改变:由河流型的挺水、湿生草本植物逐渐演替为水库型的沉水、沼生植物;植物最远分布区域Lmax也从33 m减少到了12 m。正在新建的电站A库区无水生高等植物,电站A坝下河段物种丰富度指数为0.57,已建成多年的电站C库区为0.42,电站C坝下河段为0.57,表明电站开发对物种丰富度指数的影响只是暂时的,其水生植物种类数量变动不明显。从β多样性指数来看,电站开发修建过程中多样性变化为100%,电站运行前后多样性变化高达87%,表明电站开发对水生高等植物β多样性指数的影响较为明显。The analysis of successive three year data from 2009 to 2011 revealed that the power station construction had some impact on partial Haba River reach, the ecological community gradually changing from natural river type to reservoir type, and diversity of aquatic higher plants being changed consequently. During the development of power station, the aquatic higher plants was changed from the river type emerged plants and hygrophytes to reservoir type submerged plants and marsh plants, and the furthest distribution distance Lmax was reduced from 33 m to 12 m. In the diversity index, there were no higher plants in the reservoir area of power station A which was under construction, with richness index of 0.57 in its lower reach. The value of its reservoir area was found 0.42, and the value of lower reach 0.57 in the power station C where was built many years ago, indicating that power station development affected richness index temporarily, without significant variation in number of aquatic plant species composition. The 13 diversity index was found to be changed by 100% during the construction process, and as high as 87% before and after running of the power station, show- ing significant differences in the β diversity index for aquatic higher plants.

关 键 词：哈巴河 生物多样性 水生高等植物 电站开发 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]