阿克苏5个枣品种光合荧光特征及水分利用效率研究  

Photosynthesis,Fluorescence Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Five Ziziphus jujuba Cultivars in Aksu,Xinjiang

作　　者：吴正保[1,2] 史彦江[1] 宋锋惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院造林治沙研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063 [2]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2012年第4期43-49,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：林业公益性行业项目(201004085);国家科技部"十一五"支撑计划课题项目(2007BAD36B07)

摘　　要：采用TPS-2光合测定系统、OS-30P手持荧光仪和碳同位素技术测定了阿克苏市的5个枣品种—冬枣、灰枣、骏枣、临猗梨枣和赞皇大枣的光合特征、叶绿素荧光特征以及水分利用效率,并研究了净光合速率与主要影响因子的关系。结果表明:1)5个品种的净光合速率日变化一般在12:00左右达到峰值,整个生长季节各品种净光合速率日均值大小关系依次为:赞皇大枣>冬枣>临猗梨枣>骏枣>灰枣;2)5个品种蒸腾速率日变化基本呈"单峰"曲线,整个生长季节的蒸腾速率日均值排序为:冬枣>赞皇大枣>临猗梨枣>骏枣>灰枣;3)5个品种长期水分利用效率,依次为冬枣>赞皇大枣>临猗梨枣>骏枣>灰枣,骏枣和灰枣表现较高,赞皇大枣和临猗梨枣次之,冬枣最低;4)5个品种气孔导度均表现出"早晚高,午间低"的现象,胞间CO2浓度日均值有所不同;5)5个品种净光合速率主要影响因子有所不同,但光合有效辐射和胞间CO2浓度均为各品种的主要影响因子;6)通过叶绿素荧光测定表明,冬枣的耐光性低于其他品种。综上所述,冬枣、赞皇大枣和临猗梨枣属于高光合、高蒸腾和低水分利用效率品种,而骏枣和灰枣则为低光合、低蒸腾、高水分利用效率,且具有较强耐光性的品种,更适宜在环塔里木盆地干旱缺水地区种植。Abstract：Photosynthesis, fluorescence characteristics and water use efficiency of five Ziziphus jujuba cul- tivars -＇ Dongzao＇, ＇ Huizao＇, ＇Junzao＇ , ＇ Linyilizao＇ and ＇ Zanhuangdazao＇ in Aksu, Xinjiang, China were studied by utilizing TPS-2 portable gas exchange fluorescence system, OS-30P photosynthesis yield analyzer. The relationship of net photosynthetic rate with the environmental factors was also examined. The results showed that： 1） the peak value of the diurnal courses of net photosynthetic rate of five culti- vats generally appeared around 12：00, the total mean net photosynthetic rate was in the order of Zan- huangdazao 〉 Dongzao 〉 Linyilizao 〉 Junzao 〉 Huizao; 2） the diurnal courses of transpiration of 5 cul- tivars generally appeared a single-peak pattern, the mean transpiration rate was in the order of ＇ Zanhuang- dazao＇〉 ＇Dongzao＇ 〉 ＇Linyilizao＇ 〉 ＇Junzao＇ 〉 ＇Huizao＇; 3） higher long-term water use efficiency （WUEsl） was observed in the cultivars of Junzao and Huizao, followed by ＇Zanhuangdazao＇ and ＇Linyilizao＇, lowest in ＇Dongzao＇ ; 4） the stomatal conductance appeared a pattern of ＂high in the morning and in the evening, low at noon＂, and mean values of the intercellular CO2 concentration were different in different cultivars; 5） the relationship of net photosynthetic rate of 5 cultivars with the environmental factors was different, and the main factors effecting the net photosynthetic rate were PAR and intercellular CO2 concentration among 5 cultivars;6）based on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of experimented culti- vars showed that ＂ Dongzao＂ had poor ability to resist light inhibition. All those revealed that ＇Dongzao＇ , ＇Linyilizao＇ and ＇Zanhuangdazao＇ had higher net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, with lower water use efficiency. On the contrary, ＇Huizao＇ and ＇Junzao＇ were more appropriate plant around oasis in Tarim Basin for their lower net photosynthetic

关 键 词：枣 光合特征 叶绿素荧光 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]