基于生态环境保护的且末绿洲生态需水量研究  

Ecological water requirement for Qiemo Oasis based on ecological environment protection

作　　者：阿布都热合曼·哈力克[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,徐州221008

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2012年第7期20-25,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41061052);2011年度自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2011101)资助

摘　　要：且末绿洲地处塔里木盆地东南缘生态脆弱区,气候极端干旱,降水稀少,蒸发剧烈。且末绿洲得益于车尔臣河浇灌,形成历史悠久的灌溉农业。近年来,由于人口剧增、大量开荒、水资源的不合理利用、土壤盐渍化以及自身的自然灾害严重地困扰着且末绿洲及其经济的可持续发展。文中根据且末绿洲实地考察、历年统计资料及生态环境特点分析的基础上,利用遥感技术、水文地质调查等手段对该地区绿洲规模动态变化进行了剖析。根据适宜的生态需水研究方法计算出且末生态需水量为3.014×108m3。因为生态需水量与可利用水资源量在数值上非常接近,即表明没有多余的水资源可用来进行绿洲扩建。所以必须规范且末绿洲的用水,集约利用水资源,尽量恢复未完全破坏的生态环境。这对且末生态环境的保护及维持绿洲生态稳定性,进而协调经济用水和生态用水的合理配置,促进且末生态性节水性社会的建设具有重要意义。Qiemo oasis is located in the southeastern coast of Tarim basin.Its climate is extremely dry,it has scarce rainfall and intense evaporation.Based on field investigation in Qiemo oasis,the statistics data and the ecological environment analysis,the total ecological evolution ideas,concept of ecological water requirement for sustainable development of oasis were put forward and the its scale was defined by analyzing the characteristics of the ecological significance,river basin water resources and ecological status of Qiemo oasis.According to the calculation of ecological water requirement under existing scale,compared with the existing water quantity,the existing problems for Qiemo oasis were found,and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.

关 键 词：且末绿洲 生态演变 生态需水量 存在问题 对策与建议 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]