温带落叶林的植物物候特征及其对气候变化的响应  

Plants phenological response to climate change of temperate deciduous forest

作　　者：夏富才[1,2] 潘春芳[2] 赵秀海[2] 

机构地区：[1]北华大学林学院,吉林吉林132013 [2]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2012年第5期793-799,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAC01B03);博士后基金(20110490292)

摘　　要：植被物候是气候变化对生物圈产生长期或短期影响的重要指示因子。气候变化已经明显改变了许多物种的营养生长和繁殖物候,尤其是在温带地区。研究温带森林物候变化及其对全球变暖的响应,对认识森林物种共存,协同进化以及森林保护和经营等有重要意义。通过概述温带森林下物候研究的进展发现,光照和积温是影响木本植物展叶及繁殖物候的关键因素,林下层树木通过更早展叶,以尽量减少生长季林冠层遮阴对下层树木生长的影响,更早时期开花的树木具有从顶部向四周次第开花的时空格局,林冠层树种开花具有较好的同步性。而草本植物的物候通常受融雪时间和冠层动态的影响更大,并且,温带森林下不同生活史对策的草本植物的物候特征对气候变化的响应也不尽相同,存在明显的季节动态。繁殖物候、光照的季节变化、光合特征、授粉成功之间的联系决定了林下不同繁殖特性的草本植物的繁殖成功率。量化的、多指标、多对象的定位监测是精准物候研究的基础,物候变化的机理和建立可预测的物候模型将是未来研究的重点。Phenology serves as an important indicator of permanently or temporary impact of climate change to biosphere. The impact of climate change on growth and reproduction phenology has been obvious proved, eventually for the species in temperate zone. Study on the phenology in temperate forest and its response way to climate change were important for understanding the forest species coexistence and coevolution, protecting and managing forest.In this paper, we summarized research advance in temperate forest vegetation phenology. It was found that sunlight and accumulated temperature were key factors for leaf phenology and reproductive phenology of woody plants. Plants in floor stratum reduce the effect of canopy shade in growing season through earlier leaf exhibition. Trees flowing in earlier period bloomed from the top to the surrounding in time and space pattern. Trees in forest canopy had good synchronicity in flowering. While, herb species were controlled by snowmelt time and canopy dynamic. The phonological of herb species with different life history strategy had different response way to climate change and varied seasonally. The reproductive success of plant with different reproductive characteristics was determined by reproductive phenology, seasonal change of light, photosynthetic characteristics, pollination success. Precise phenology research is based on quantized, multiple-index and multiple-object locating and monitoring. Therefore, phenology mechanism and phenology modeling will be the primary target for future study.

关 键 词：物候 温带森林 落叶林 气候变化 繁殖物候 展叶物候 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]