环境空气中挥发性有机物的健康风险评价研究进展  

Research advances review on the health-hazard assessment of volatile organic compounds in ambient atmosphere

作　　者：宫庆超[1] 牛志广[1] 陈彦熹[1] 张颖[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072 [2]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2012年第3期84-88,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(10ZCGYSF02000);环保公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201009034);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目

摘　　要：介绍了空气中挥发性有机物的研究进展,阐述了其污染对人体健康的致癌效应和非致癌效应。在此基础上对挥发性有机物的健康风险评价做了简要评述,并介绍了现在公认的健康风险评价方法,以及近年来室内外挥发性有机物污染健康风险评价的研究现状。最后,总结了健康风险评价的不足并进行了展望,提出利用不确定性方法解决健康风险评价问题将是未来研究的重点。This paper is aimed to make a summary of the health-haz- ard assessment of volatile organic eompeunds （VOCs） in the ambient air so as to promote our understanding of VOCs impact on human health. First of all, we have introduced domestic and international research advances of VOCs, with our discussion on the carcinogenic effect and non-carcinogenic effect on human health resulting from VOCs. Secondly, we shall bring about a brief discussion on the ap- proaches to the health-hazard assessment, and give comments on the latest popular health-hazard assessment methods. Among the well- known methods, we would like to introduce the health-hazard assess- ment put forward by American National Academy of Sciences（NAS）, including ＂hazard identification＂, ＂dose-response assessment＂, ＂ex- posure assessment＂ and ＂risk characterization＂. In addition, it is also necessary to recommend the research progress on health risk assess- ment of VOCs indoor and outdoor practice based on the above men- tioned methodology. From what is mentioned above, it can be seen that health risk of VOCs in indoor air seems higher than that in out- door air, except for the special cases in open-air situations, such as industrial zones, traffic arteries and so on. The compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, dodecane, and decane, tend to dominate in the open-air situations, whereas others, such as formaldehyde, toluene, styrene, and limonene are predominant in the room conditions. Since the VOCs concentrations from inside decora- tion, furniture malls and industrial areas are usually higher than that from other spaces, the risk of occupational exposure to VOCs in the mentioned places may always be beyond the acceptable standard. And consequently, it should be paid more attention to and taken es- sential measures for protecting human health in such cases. And, fi- naily, it is also necessary to take into full account the defects of health hazard assessment, such as insufficient assessment of the toxi- cology and epidemio

关 键 词：环境工程学 健康风险评价 挥发性有机物 空气污染 

分 类 号：X828[环境科学与工程—环境工程]