黑土区短期免耕对大豆田土壤水分物理性质的影响  

Effect of Short-term No-tillage on Soil Water Physical Property of Soybean Field in Black Soil Zone

作　　者：江恒[1,2] 韩晓增[1] 邹文秀[1] 杨春葆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,海伦农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《大豆科学》2012年第3期374-380,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40971152;41101208);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB100506)

摘　　要：耕作和施肥是影响土壤水分物理性质的2个重要因素,为探讨免耕和长期单施化肥对土壤水分物理性质的影响及它们之间的交互作用,以海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站内的长期定位试验为基础,研究了施用化肥+传统耕作(NP+CT),施用化肥+免耕(NP+NT),无肥+传统耕作(CK+CT),无肥+免耕(CK+NT)对土壤水分物理性质的影响。短期免耕(3 a)后显著地增加黑土水稳性团聚体的稳定性,表现在与传统耕作相比水稳定性大团聚体(>0.25 mm)的含量、平均重量直径和平均几何直径分别提高9.03%,10.90%和20.39%。耕作和施肥对土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性的影响没有显著的交互作用,但是与施肥相比,耕作方式能够解释更多的土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性的变异。免耕显著增加了0～10 cm土层土壤的容重,减少了土壤总孔隙度、饱和含水量、毛管含水量和田间持水量,施肥仅对0～10 cm土层土壤毛管含水量产生了显著的影响。耕作和施肥对0～10 cm土层土壤的容重具有显著的交互作用,同时与施肥相比,耕作能够解释更多的0～10 cm土层土壤的容重、总孔隙度、饱和含水量、毛管含水量和田间持水量的变异。耕作和施肥对10～20 cm土层土壤的水分物理性质影响不显著。因此,在研究区域内耕作是影响土壤水分物理性质的一个重要措施。Tillage and fertilization are two important factors impacting soil water physical properties.For finding out the effect of tillage and fertilization on soil water physical properties and their interactions,we researched the influence of four treatments,including chemical fertilizer plus traditional tillage（NP＋CT）,chemical fertilizer plus no-tillage（NP＋NT）,no-fertilizer plus traditional tillage（CK＋CT）and no-fertilizer plus no-tillage（CK＋NT）,on soil water physical properties based on long-term field experiments located in Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Compared to traditional tillage,short-term（three years）no-tillage significantly increased the stability of water stable aggregates with increased water stable aggregates contents（0.25 mm） by 9.03%,and also increased mean weight diameter and geometric weight diameter by 10.90% and 20.39%.There were no interactions within tillage and fertilization,but tillage practices could account for more variations of water stable aggregates＇ stabilities,compared with fertilization.No-tillage significantly increased soil bulk density,and decreased soil total porosity,capillary water content,saturated water content and field capacity that in 0-10 cm soil profile.Fertilization could only explain the variations of capillary water content in 0-10 cm soil profile significantly,and it had significant interaction effect on soil bulk density with tillage methods.Considering tillage practices and fertilization,tillage practices could explain more variation of soil bulk density,soil total porosity,capillary water content,saturated water content and field capacity.Tillage practices and fertilization had no significant effect on soil water physical properties in 10-20 cm soil profile.So,tillage practices are one important factor influencing soil water physical properties in study site.

关 键 词：免耕 传统耕作 水稳性团聚体 土壤水分物理性质 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]