南方粳型超级稻氮肥群体最高生产力及其形成特征的研究  

THE HIGHEST POPULATION PRODUCTIVITY OF N FERTILIZATION AND ITS FORMATION CHARACTERISTICS ON JAPONICA SUPER RICE IN SOUTH CHINA

作　　者：龚金龙[1] 胡雅杰[1] 葛梦婕[1] 龙厚元[1] 常勇[1] 马群[1] 杨雄[1] 张洪程[1] 戴其根[1] 霍中洋[1] 许轲[1] 魏海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《核农学报》2012年第3期558-572,共15页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971732);国家粮食丰产科技工程资助项目(2011BAD16B03);超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成(农业部专项);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目(CX(10)129)

摘　　要：在大田机插条件下,以南方稻区5个粳型超级稻(南粳44、宁粳1号、宁粳3号、扬粳4038、武粳15)为材料,同生育期常规粳稻武运粳7号为对照,在其他栽培措施统一在最佳技术指标前提下,设置7个氮肥水平(0、150.0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0和337.5kg.hm-2),从中得出各品种在这7个氮肥水平下出现的最高生产力,并将其定义为氮肥群体最高生产力。对5个超级稻氮肥群体最高生产力及其构成、群体生长发育动态、株型以及倒伏性状等方面进行系统的比较研究。结果表明,超级稻氮肥群体最高生产力为10.51(10.30～10.68)t.hm-2,极显著高于对照(9.77～9.82t.hm-2),增产幅度达5.2%～8.7%。与对照相比,超级稻氮肥群体最高生产力群体穗数多,穗型大,群体颖花量高(42442.11～44873.23×104.hm-2),结实率和千粒重与之相当;群体茎蘖机插后早发快长,有效分蘖临界叶龄期苗数略高于预期穗数,有效分蘖临界叶龄到拔节期茎蘖增长平缓,高峰苗出现在拔节期,数量适中,为预期穗数的1.4～1.5倍,此后群体平缓下降,至抽穗期基本稳定,最终成穗率高(66.9%～70.4%);其群体叶面积动态与茎蘖动态基本一致,最大叶面积指数出现在孕穗期,为7.72～7.97,此后平缓下降,成熟期保持在较高的水平上(3.30～3.74);干物重积累方面,移栽到有效分蘖临界叶龄期较对照高,有效分蘖临界叶龄到拔节期较对照低,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期为10.80～11.08t.hm-2,抽穗到成熟期干物质积累量6.78～7.22t.hm-2,成熟期总干物重17.58～18.29t.hm-2,显著或极显著高于对照;根冠比和根系干重均高于对照,随着生育期的推移,超级稻优势更为明显,生育后期根系活力强(抽穗到蜡熟期平均伤流量3.53～3.74g.m-2.h-1)。超级稻群体形成特征:高秧苗素质促进低位分蘖发生,精确群体起点稳定提高穗数;生育中期干物质积累高,叶面积大,株型直挺,有效叶面积率和高效叶A field experiment was conducted using five japonica super rice cultivars in south China（Nanjing44,Ningjin1,Ningjing3,Yangjing4038,Wujing15） as materials and a conventional japonica rice cultivar Wuyunjing7 which had the same growing period as CK to achieve the highest productivity of all cultivars under seven nitrogen fertilization levels（0,150.0,187.5,225.0,262.5,300.0,337.5kg·hm-2）.Meanwhile,the grain yield and its components,dynamics of population stems and tillers,leaf area index,dry matter weight,root-shoot ratio and weight of dry matter of root,plant type,lodging characteristics were studied systematically.Results showed that the highest population productivity of N fertilization in super rice was 10.51（10.30~10.68） t·hm-2,significantly higher than CK（9.77~9.82t·hm-2）,with the increasing range of 5.2%~8.7%.Compared with CK,more panicles per unit area,spikelets per panicle and population spikelets（42442.11~44873.23×104·hm-2） were observed under the highest population productivity of N fertilization in super rice,with the roughly same level of seed-setting rate and 103-grain weight.In comparison with CK,number of stems and tillers rose faster to a suitable case with super rice at the highest population productivity of N fertilization,slightly higher than expected number of panicles at the critical leaf-age for productive tillers stage,and then increased slowly to the peak with an appropriate number（1.4~1.5 folds of expected panicle number）.After that,it decreased gently and ultimately arrived at a significantly higher rate of productive tillers/total tillers（66.9%~70.4%）.Dynamics of leaf area index at the highest population productivity of N fertilization in super rice developed the same tendency as dynamics of population stems and tillers,and the maximal leaf area index（7.72~7.97） appeared at the booting stage,and then decreased stably to a high level of 3.30~3.74 at maturity stage.As for the dry matter accumulation,the highest population productivity of N fertilization

关 键 词：粳型超级稻 氮肥群体最高生产力 形成特征 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]