施氮对小麦干物质累积和转运的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation in Wheat

作　　者：叶优良[1] 王玲敏[1] 黄玉芳[1] 马迎辉[1] 李欢欢[1] 朱云集[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2012年第3期488-493,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(2010HASTIT034);国家自然基金项目(31071864);国家973计划项目(2009CB1186006);农业部公益性行业专项(201103003)

摘　　要：为给高产小麦氮素科学管理提供依据,以河南温县和兰考典型高产区为试验地点,连续两年在0、90、180、270、360kg.hm-2氮水平下,研究了施氮对多穗型品种豫麦49-198和大穗型品种兰考矮早八干物质累积、分配、转运的影响及与产量的关系。结果表明,从越冬到收获,小麦干物质累积逐步增加,但两个品种小麦干物质累积都在拔节后差异明显,以拔节-开花增幅最大,其次是开花-收获。施氮使小麦干物质累积、转运和产量均增加,其中豫麦49-198干物质累积量和转运量、转运干物质对籽粒的贡献率、籽粒产量都以施氮270kg.hm-2较高,而兰考矮早八则都以施氮180kg.hm-2较高。氮肥用量与小麦开花期、成熟期干物质累积和不同器官干物质分配之间的关系均可用一元二次曲线拟合,豫麦49-198在开花期不同器官最大干物质的施氮量都高于兰考矮早八,但两个品种最大籽粒产量的施氮量接近。开花期豫麦49-198茎鞘干物质比例低于兰考矮早八,穗轴干物质比例高于兰考矮早八;成熟期豫麦49-198叶片、茎鞘、穗轴干物质分配比例低于兰考矮早八,籽粒干物质分配比例高于兰考矮早八;豫麦49-198花前干物质累积比例、转运干物质对籽粒的贡献率都低于兰考矮早八。Effects of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation,translocation and its relationship with yield for two wheat cultivars were investigated through field experiment in the typical high-yielding wheat area under five nitrogen rates（0,90,180,270,360 kg·hm-2）for two years.The results showed that wheat dry matter accumulation was increasing from wintering to maturity stage,yet the highest increasing ratio was at joint-anthsis stage,and next was in anthesis-mature stage for Yumai 49-198 and Lankao Aizao 8.With nitrogen fertilizer rate increasing,accumulation,translocation and grain yield of wheat dry matter increased.Yumai 49-198 got the highest accumulation at 270 kg·hm-2 nitrogen rate,while Lankao Aizao 8 got the highest accumulation at 180 kg·hm-2 nitrogen rate.Dry matter accumulation ratio in stem and sheath of Yumai 49-198 was lower than that of Lankao Aizao 8,yet in rachis and glumes was higher than that of Lankao Aizao 8 during anthesis stage.After harvest,Dry matter accumulation ratio in leaves,stem and sheath,rachis and glume for Yumai 49-198 was lower than that of Lankao Aizao 8,but in grain was higher than that of Lankao Aizao 8.Dry matter accumulation ratio and dry matter contribution to grain at pre-anthesis for Yumai 49-198 was lower than that of Lankao Aizao 8.

关 键 词：小麦 品种 施氮 干物质累积和转运 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S365