亚洲梨黑星病菌致病性及其寄主抗病机制的研究进展  

Progress in research on the pathogenicity of Venturial nashicola and resistant mechanism of its host

作　　者：姜山[1] 朴杓允 石井英夫 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳550001 [2]日本神户大学,神户657-8501 [3]日本国家农业环境技术研究所,筑波305-8604

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2012年第4期337-344,共8页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

摘　　要：梨黑星病是亚洲梨的主要病害之一。该病是由纳雪黑星病菌(Venturia nashicola)感染所致。V.nashicola主要寄生在亚洲梨叶片表皮细胞壁的果胶质层中。该菌的感染可能主要与分泌的细胞外分泌物质、角质分解酶、过氧化氢和果胶质分解酶有关。而亚洲梨对V.nashicola的抗性可能主要与多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白、多种病程相关蛋白、富亮氨酸重复类受体蛋白激酶等有关。另外,不具直接杀菌能力的系统抗性诱导剂acibenzolar-S-methyl(ASM)在大田试验中对梨黑星病菌有较好控制效果。这与ASM诱导的植物防御反应,包括多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白和几丁质酶等有关。Asian pear scab, caused by Venturia nashicola, is one of the most severe diseases of Asian pear. The extracellular matrix, cutinase, polygalactuonase and hydrogen peroxide, released by infection structures of V. nashicola might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of V. nashicola. Polygalacturonase-inhibing pro- tein, several pathogenesis-related proteins and leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase might involve in resistance response of pear plants when the plants were challenged by V. nashicola. The non-fungitoxic benzothiadiazole compound acibenzolar-S-methyl （ ASM）, known as a systemic resistance inducer, had shown high control efficacy against scab on the most important but highly scab-susceptible Japanese pear cv. ＇ Kousui＇ in field experiments. Moreover, in inoculation tests on potted pear trees, pretreatment with ASM reduced scab development and potentiated several plant defense responses. Transcripts encoding PGIP and LRPK were both highly promoted after scab inoculation of ＇ Kousui＇ leaves pretreated with ASM.

关 键 词：梨 黑星病菌 致病机制 抗性机制 

分 类 号：S561.2[农业科学—作物学] S432.21