拔节孕穗和抽穗开花期控制灌溉对水稻生长的影响  

Effects of Controlled Irrigation on Rice Growth and Yield in Jointing-Booting and Flowering Stage

作　　者：葛岩[1] 窦超银[1] 魏丹[1] 褚丽妹[1] 杨磊[1] 王海兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省水利水电科学研究院/辽宁省节水灌溉与防旱减灾重点实验室/辽宁省灌溉试验中心站,沈阳110003

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2012年第3期78-82,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201001077);辽宁省农业科技攻关项目(2011212002)

摘　　要：在水稻拔节孕穗和抽穗开花期,分别以土壤饱和含水率的70%、80%和90%作为灌溉下限进行控制灌溉。结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,拔节孕穗期水分控制条件下水稻生长受到抑制,单穴有效穗数和千粒质量变化较小,每穗粒数和每穗实粒数显著减少,产量也有减小趋势,但差异不显著;抽穗开花期控制灌溉对水稻生长和产量影响相对较小,均未达到显著水平;拔节孕穗期控制灌溉较抽穗开花期节水效应明显,但抽穗开花期控制灌溉有利于获得更高的水分生产效率,因此,制定水稻控灌灌溉制度时,拔节孕穗期轻控,抽穗开花期适当增大水分控制下限有利于水稻节水增产。In order to apply the controlled irrigation technique for rice more reasonably,the effect of controlled irrigation in a single growing stage on rice growth and yield was studied.Water control was launched in jointing-booting stage and flowering stage respectively,and in each stage,three lower limit of soil water content（70%,80%,and 90%,respectively） was controlled.The results showed that compared to check treatment,water control at jointing-booting stage did not apparently change effective panicle number per hole and 1000-grain weight;grains per panicle and filled grain number per panicle decreased significantly while yield had a slightly decreasing tendency;water control at flowering stage had little effect on rice growth and yield,changes of physiological indexes were insignificant.Controlled irrigation applied at jointing-booting stage saved more irrigation than that conducted at flowering stage,but controlled irrigation at flowering stage could get higher irrigation water use efficiency.Therefore,small control at jointing-booting stage and big control at flowering stage would be beneficial to water saving and increasing yield.

关 键 词：控制灌溉 水稻生育性状 产量 水分生产效率 关键生育期 灌溉制度 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S511[农业科学—农业工程]