塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地表辐射收支特征研究  

Surface Radiation Budget in Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：李帅[1] 胡列群[1] 何清[2] 胥志德 吴新萍 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中国民用航空新疆管理局,新疆乌鲁木齐830016 [4]且末县塔中气象站,新疆且未841000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2012年第4期1035-1044,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项(GYHY201006012);新疆气象局青年基金项目(201036);国家自然科学基金项目(40775019)联合资助

摘　　要：利用塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站探测的辐射数据,分析了流动沙漠区近地层辐射收支特征以及云和沙尘对其的影响。总辐射在夏季某些特定的天气条件下接近太阳常数。不同天气条件下,辐射收支特征存在较大差异;总辐射受云和沙尘的影响最明显,变幅最大,夏季沙尘暴天气时比晴天减少了80%以上;反射辐射的日变化趋势在各个季节内、各种天气条件下与总辐射非常一致;大气长波辐射所受影响较小,且云和沙尘会使其略微增加;地面长波辐射的变化幅度最小,均在10%以下;净辐射在阴天时略微降低,沙尘天气时明显降低,为负值。观测期间的平均辐射特征与晴天比较接近,平均的总辐射、净辐射与晴天的比值白天基本在0.7左右,说明云和沙尘对塔中的辐射能量有较大的强迫作用。The surface radiation budget over the mobile dune and effect of cloud and dust on it were calculated and analyzed based on the radiation data observed at Taklimakan Atmosphere and Environment Observation and Experiment Station（Tazhong observation station） in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.The global solar radiation may be close to the solar constant in some specific weather conditions in summer.The characteristics of radiation budget are quite different under different weather conditions in Tazhong.The global solar radiation is affected the most obviously by dust and cloud weather and its changing amplitude is also the most,and the global solar radiation value in sandstorm day is 80% less than that in sunny day.The daily variation trend of reflecting radiation is consistent with the global solar radiation in different weather conditions in four seasons.The dust and cloud weather has less effect on the downward long wave radiation,and make it increased appreciably;the dust and cloud weather has the least effect on the upward long wave radiation,and the resulted decrease is 10% less than that in a clear day.The net radiation decreases appreciably in the cloudy day,and decreases obviously in the dust day and becomes a negative value.The characteristics of the average daily variation during the experiment period are very close to that in a clear day.The ratios of the average values of the global radiation and the net radiation during the experiment period to that on a clear day are all more than 0.7,which shows that the cloud and dust weather has obvious effect on radiation budget in Tazhong.

关 键 词：辐射收支 沙漠腹地 塔克拉玛干沙漠 

分 类 号：P422[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]