2010年全国饮水型地方性氟中毒监测报告  

National monitoring report of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in 2010

作　　者：王骋[1] 张微[1] 赵丽军[1] 高彦辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学中国疾病预防控制中心地方病控制中心地氟病防治研究所卫生部病因流行病学重点实验室(23618104)、黑龙江省普通高校病因流行病学重点实验室,150081

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2012年第4期412-418,共7页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目（2009）

摘　　要：目的监测我国饮水型氟中毒病区改水工程的运行情况，了解病情变化趋势，评价防控措施效果，为制订防治措施提供依据。方法按照《饮水型地方性氟中毒监测方案（试行）的通知》规定的方法和要求，在全国27个省（区、市）和新疆生产建设兵团，抽取136个监测县，每个监测县抽取10个改水工程，调查改水工程运行情况，监测改水工程水含氟量；每个监测县抽取3个病区村作为固定监测村，检测饮水含氟量，水氟检测采用《生活饮用水标准检验方法》。采用Dean法检查监测村所有8—12岁学生氟斑牙患病情况；每个监测村按照年龄分层随机抽样，采用《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》，对50名25岁以上成人进行x线检查。结果①共监测改水工程1398个，正常运转、间歇运转和报废工程分别占93．35％（1305／1398）、5．29％（74／1398）和1．36％（19／1398），水含氟量合格率为69．96％（978／1398）。②在开展监测的327个已改水村中，改水工程水氟合格率为76．15％（249／327）；在开展病情监测的84个未改水村中，水氟〉1．2mg／L且≤2．0mg／L、〉2．0mg/L且≤4．0mg/L、〉4．0mg/L的村分别占未改水监测村的57．14％（48／84）、32．14％（27／84）和10．71％（9／84）。③在监测韵195个改水工程水质合格且能够正常运行的改水村中，儿童氟斑牙检出率为25．03％（3851／15387），缺损型氟斑牙检出率为1．88％（289／15387）；监测的82个水含氟量超标自然村的儿童氟斑牙检出率为56．27％（3384／6014），缺损型氟斑牙检出率为10．92％（657／6014）。④在监测的195个改水工程水质合格且能够正常运行的改水村中，X线氟骨症检出率为19．11％（1465／7667）；监测的79个水氟含量超标的自然村，X线氟骨症检出率为17．47％（634／3630）。结论我国饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水工程运�Objectives To evaluate the effect of control measures and provide the basis for development of preventive measures though dynamical monitoring of the operation of water improvement projects and know ＂The prevalent trends of endemic fluorosis. Methods In accordance with the provisions and requirements of the Surveillance Scheme of Drinking-Water-Borne Endemic Fluorosis （Trial）＂, 136 monitoring counties were selected in national 27 provinces（autonomous regions, municipalities） and Xin Jiang Production and Construction Corps, and 10 water improvement projects were selected in each county. The operation of water improvement projects was investigated, and water fluoride content was tested. Three epidemic villages were selected as fixed monitoring villages in each county. In the villages, the fluoride content in drinking water was detected by Standard Testing Method of Drinking Water. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed by Dean＇s method of all 8 to 12-year-old students in the villages. Stratified random sampling by age was used to select 50 adults over 25-year-old in each monitoring village, and skeletal lluorosis was examined by X-ray according to the Diagnosis Standard of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis. Results （1）A total of 1398 water improvement projects were monitored. Normal and intermittent operation and discarded projects accounted for 93.35% （1305/1398）, 5.29% （74/1398） and 1.36% （19/1398）, respectively. The qualification rate of water fluoride content was 69.96% （978/1398）. （2） In the 327 surveyed villages with water improvement projects, the qualification rate of water fluoride content of the projects accounted for 76.15% （249/327）. In the 84 surveyed villages without water improvement projects, villages of water fluoride 〉 1.2 mg/L and ≤2.0 mg/L, 〉 2.0 mg/L, and ≤4.0 mg/L, and 〉 4.0 mg/L, accounted for 57.14% （48/84）, 32.14% （27/84） and 10.71%（9/84）, respectively. （3） In the 195 villages with water improvement projects and the projects were in norma

关 键 词：饮水 氟 监测 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]