甘肃小陇山日本落叶松人工林不同发育阶段土壤理化性质的变化  

Changes of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties at Different Developmental Stages of Larix kaempferi Plantations in Xiaolongshan,Gansu Province

作　　者：王宏星[1] 孙晓梅[1] 陈东升[1] 沈亚洲 马建伟 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [2]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所,甘肃天水741022

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2012年第3期294-301,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(20110427)

摘　　要：采用时序研究法对甘肃小陇山林区日本落叶松人工林不同发育阶段(6、15、23、35 a)的土壤物理性质、化学性质进行多因子综合比较,利用主成分分析的方法,以主成分特征贡献率为权重,计算土壤肥力综合指标值,分析土壤性质的演变规律。结果表明:日本落叶松人工林发育至近熟林阶段,土壤物理性质变差,表现为土壤密度最大1.62g·cm-3,毛管孔隙度和最大持水量降至最低,分别为29.69%、24.45%,并且土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾、镁、钙含量也明显降低;而到成熟林阶段,土壤理化性质有显著改善,土壤密度降低为1.21 g·cm-3、毛管孔隙度和最大持水量恢复至45.56%、42.65%,土壤养分含量也有了很大的提高,甚至超过了中龄林阶段的水平;同时幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成熟林土壤性质综合得分分别为-0.329、0.188、-0.565、0.739,也表明近熟林土壤性质最差,成熟林土壤性质最好。The changes of soil physical and chemical properties at different developmental stages（6,15,23,and 35 years old） of larch（Larix kaempferi Carr.） plantations were investigated and analyzed with chronosequence method in the forest area of Xiaolongshan in Gansu Province.By the method of principal component analysis,the integrated fertility indexes for larch plantations were calculated taking the contribution rate of each principal component character as weight.The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were deteriorated in the pre-mature stands with the growth of larch plantations.For example,the soil bulk density increased to 1.62 g·cm^-3,the capillary porosity and maximum moisture capacity decreased to 29.69% and 24.45%,while the amounts of soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,magnesium and calcium decreased.The soil properties from pre-mature to mature forest stage showed the value of soil physical and chemical properties recovered,such as the soil bulk density decreased to 1.21 g·cm^-3,the capillary porosity and maximum moisture capacity increased to 45.56% and 42.65%,and the amounts of soil nutrient returned to high level,even much higher than the level of the middle age forest.The integrated fertility indexes（IFI） of the soil were-0.329,0.188,-0.565 and 0.739 in the young,middle,pre-mature,and mature plantations respectively,so the soil properties of pre-mature forest displayed the worst values,while those of the mature was the best.

关 键 词：日本落叶松 人工林 土壤性质 发育阶段 

分 类 号：S791.223[农业科学—林木遗传育种]