魔高一尺,道高一丈——傩坛巫术与特技  

While the Devil Climbs a Post, the Priest Climbs Ten:The Witchcraft and Maneuver of Nuo Altar

作　　者：庹修明[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州民族学院西南傩文化研究院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2012年第2期140-149,共10页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中山大学中国非物质文化遗产研究中心重大项目"西南傩戏文本的调研与整理"(编号:2009JJD850005);国家社会科学基金项目"湘;鄂;渝;黔毗连地区土家族傩祭仪式的象征人类学研究"(编号:07XMZ022)

摘　　要：傩坛是要驱鬼逐疫,祈福纳吉的。献牲、仪式、祈求巫术,搬演歌舞戏、媚神是与鬼神"和解",是巫师必备的"软功夫",和解不成则要武力驱赶、消灾。巫师必须掌握与鬼神较量的"硬功夫"——巫术。巫术是巫师沟通神鬼的重要手段和技能,具有可操作性。从表演的角度看也可以叫傩技。"魔高一尺,道高一丈"。傩坛和巫师声望和地位的高低,巫术、傩技水平是重要的衡量标准。"上刀山""下火海"、"开红山"等是表演给凡人看的也是为了震撼鬼神的。巫术名目繁多,各有所用。Nuo altar is to exorcise the ghost and diseases and to bless mortals. The sacrifice ceremo- ny, pray, witchcraft, the song and dance are the necessary ＂soft Kung Fu＂ of a wizard, used to rec- oncile with the ghost and God. If reconciliation can not be achieved, a wizard must use force to drive the ghost and diseases away. A wizard must master the ＂hard Kung Fu＂ witchcraft to drive them away. Witchcraft is the important and practical skill as well as means of a wizard to communicate with the ghost and God. It is also called Nuo skill from the perspective of performance. While the devil climbs a post, the priest climbs ten. The level of Nuo skills is a vital standard to measure the prestige and status of a wizard and a Nuo altar. ＂Climbing a mountain of swords＂, ＂plunging into a sea of flames＂, ＂KAI HONG SHAN＂ are the performance for the mortals and for shocking the ghosts and God. The witchcrafts have a multitude of names and types for different aims respectively.

关 键 词：傩技 祈求 驱赶 灵符 占卜 

分 类 号：K892.29[历史地理—民俗学]