太湖秀丽白虾繁殖生物学研究  

Reproductive Biology of Exopalaemon modestus in Taihu Lake

作　　者：温周瑞[1,2] 谢平[2] 徐军[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省水产科学研究所,湖北武汉430071 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,东湖湖泊生态系统试验站,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自科版）（中旬）》2012年第4期23-27,40,共6页Journal of Yangtze University(Nature Science Edition)

基　　金：863计划项目(2002AA601011);十一五水专项(2008ZX07101-001)

摘　　要：于2004年11月～2005年11月每月采用虾拖网采样对太湖梅梁湾和贡湖湾秀丽白虾(Exopalaemonmodestus)的繁殖生物学进行了研究。结果表明,4月下旬至9月下旬为太湖秀丽白虾的繁殖期,这期间太湖水温变化范围为18.7～32.0℃。6月中旬的繁殖最高峰是由前一年出生的个体产生,而8月的繁殖最高峰则主要是由当年出生的个体所产生。梅梁湾和贡湖湾秀丽白虾性比分别变动在0.76～2.76和0.73～3.47,年平均性比分别为1.38和1.41,卡方检验性比不等于1:1(P<0.01),雌虾多于雄虾。梅梁湾抱卵秀丽白虾生物学最小型体长为26.7mm、体重为0.23g,抱卵量22粒,贡湖湾秀丽白虾生物学最小型体长22.1mm、体重0.13g,抱卵量10粒。梅梁湾、贡湖湾秀丽白虾绝对繁殖力F(卵粒数)与体长、体重之间基本上都有正相关关系。除7月份以外,5月、6月、8月梅梁湾秀丽白虾抱卵虾平均体长、平均体重、绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力均明显大于贡湖湾秀丽白虾。5月份、8月份梅梁湾秀丽白虾性腺成熟系数分别为(12.2±5.3)%(n=33)、(10.9±4.1)%(n=70),两者没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。发现该结果比1980年太湖秀丽白虾的抱卵量小,大规格虾数量较少,抱卵虾整体偏小,可能与太湖污染加剧及捕捞强度过大有关。Reproductive biology of Exopalaemon modestus was studied during Nov 2004 through Nov 2005 in Taihu Lake.The results showed that breeding season of freshwater shrimp Exopalaemon modestus in Taihu Lake was from late April to late September,during which water temperature ranged from 18.7 to 32.0℃.Peak reproduction in mid-June is generated by the individual born a year earlier,and a peak propagation in August was mainly produced by the individual born in the current year.In Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay,sex ratio of E.modestus changed within the ranges of 0.76～2.76 and 0.73～3.47,respectively;the average annual ratios are 1.38 and 1.41,respectively, which were not equal to 1:1(F<0.01) with more female than male ones.In Meiliang Bay,biological minimum length and weight of egg bearing shrimp were 26.7mm and 0.23g,respectively, with 22 eggs;In Gonghu Bay,biological minimum length and weight of egg bearing shrimp were 22.1mm and 0.13g,respectively,with 10 eggs.Absolute fecundity(number of eggs) had a positive correlation between body length and weight.Except in July,mean length,mean body weight,absolute fecundity and relative fecundity of shrimp carrying eggs in Meiliang Bay are significantly larger than those in Gonghu Bay.In May and June,gonadal maturation factor of E. modestus were(12.2±5.3)%(n= 33) and(10.9±4.1)%(n= 70),respectively,with no significant differences(P>0.05).Comparing the current results with those in Taihu Lake in 1980,carrying eggs,large sized shrimp and the size of shrimp carrying eggs of E.modestus decreased, which may be associated with the pollution and overfishing in Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus) 繁殖生物学 太湖 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学] Q959.233.63[生物学—动物学]