哈萨克斯坦跨界河流国际合作问题  

International cooperation problems on transboundary rivers in Kazakhstan

作　　者：邓铭江 

机构地区：[1]新疆水利厅,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2012年第3期365-376,共12页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2008BAB42B09)资助

摘　　要：哈萨克斯坦是中亚地区的"大国",与四周比邻的国家均存在跨界水体联系,有44%的地表水来自邻国。跨界河流水资源开发利用与生态环境保护问题,是涉及国家政治、经济、安全、外交大局的重大战略问题。通过分析哈国地表水分布特点,简要回顾总结了与其邻国在跨界河流方面的合作情况;对哈国所担忧的水安全问题及采取的主要对策,进行了深入剖析,并就跨界河流管理未来的合作路径、跨界河流利用未来的分水原则、哈俄跨界河流水污染未来的解决途径、中亚国家间解决咸海危机的前提条件等问题,进行了分析讨论;指出对共享水资源的管理既可以成为中亚地区和平的力量,也可能成为冲突的因素,管理这种相互依存的资源是当今国际社会面临的一项关系人类发展的重大挑战。研究哈萨克斯坦跨界河流国际合作及其对核心利益问题的观点、认识、所采取的不同策略,对于处理好中哈跨界河流问题具有积极现实意义。Kazakhstan is a great nation in Central Asia area;it has transboundary water body relation with surrounding neighboring countries,44% of the surface water from neighboring countries.Water resources development and utilization in transboundary rivers and ecological environment protection that are major strategic problems involved with national politics,economy,security and foreign overall situation.This article systematically analyzes distribution feature of the surface water in Kazakhstan,briefly reviews the cooperation with its neighboring countries in the aspect of transboundary rivers,profoundly analyzes the main countermeasures adopted for the anxious issue of water safety,analytically discusses the problems such as future cooperation path for the management of transboundary rivers,future distributive principle for water utilization of transboundary rivers,future solution for the water pollution of transboundary river between Kazakhstan and Russia,the prerequisites for solving crisis of Aral Sea among Central Asian States;it points out that the management of shared water resources can become a peace force in Central Asia,may also become accomplices of the conflict,the management for this interdependence resources is the international community today faces a major challenge of human development.The study on the issues of core interest point of view,cognition,adopting a different strategy used in the international cooperation of Kazakhstan transboundary rivers;therefore it is positive operation significance for dealing with the problem of transboundary rivers between China and Kazakhstan.

关 键 词：哈萨克斯坦 跨界河流 国际合作 水安全问题 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]