一次罕见的华南大暴雨过程的诊断与数值模拟研究  

A Diagnosis and Simulation Study of a Strong Heavy Rainfall in South China

作　　者：孙建华[1] 赵思雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《大气科学》2000年第3期381-392,共12页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目!G1 9980 4 0 90 7;国家自然科学基金资助项目!4 973 51 80;中国科学院重点基金项目!KZ952 -J1 -4 0

摘　　要：首先对 1 994年 6月中旬的华南暴雨过程进行了诊断分析 ,然后 ,利用PSU和NCAR发展起来的有限区域中尺度模拟系统MM5进行了数值模拟研究。诊断结果表明 :此次过程长江以南的大部分地区具备大尺度的降水条件 ,而在两广地区降水更强 ,这可能是由地形等其他条件决定的。两广地区活动较强的对流云团是造成暴雨的主要中尺度系统 ,而东部地区主要是锋面造成的连续性降水 ,对流活动较两广地区相对较弱。数值模拟结果显示 :MM5模式对这次华南的强降水过程具有较好的模拟能力 ,静力方案对大范围雨区的模拟比非静力方案要好一些 ,但对大暴雨区的模拟非静力方案似乎更具优越性。对流参数化方案的试验表明 ,Kuo方案能较好地模拟大范围的雨区 ,Grell方案对强暴雨中心的模拟似乎比其他方案好。对行星边界层方案的试验显示 ,边界层过程对强的对流性降水的模拟是不可忽略的。这些看法与已有的诊断结果是相符的。Heavy rainfalls occurred in South China in the mid June of 1994. In this paper, a diagnostic study and numerical simulations using MM5 developed by PSU/NCAR have been conducted. The results of diagnosis show that there is enough moisture in the southeast and southwest parts of China, but the heavy rainfalls in Guangxi are severer than other areas, so the heavy rainfalls in Guangxi may be caused by terrain or other factors. The strong cloud clusters are the main mesoscale systems that cause heavy rainfalls in Guangxi. The results of simulations indicate the numerical model can successfully simulate the case, the hydrostatic scheme is better than nonhydrostatic scheme in simulating large scale rainband; on the contrary, in reproducing the maximum centers of heavy rainfalls the opposite is true. The simulation experiments on convective parameterization schemes indicated Kuo scheme can simulate the large scale area of rainfalls well and Grell scheme is better than Kuo scheme in simulating the centers of heavy rainfalls. In addition, the results also show that the PBL process could not be neglected in simulating severe strong rainfalls.

关 键 词：非静力模式 暴雨 数值模拟 大暴雨过程 诊断 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.62