基于土壤水分动态的梯田苹果园水窖配置  

Allocation of water cellar in Malus pumila Mill orchard on terrace based on soil moisture dynamic

作　　者：郝连安[1] 高建恩[1,2] 张元星[1] 梁改革[3] 赵春红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院,长沙410014

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2012年第3期57-63,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持与高效农业关键技术集成与示范"(2011BAD31B05);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"保障渭河生态基流的关中地区农业节水及调控技术研究"(2009ZX07212-002-003-02)

摘　　要：针对如何合理配置水窖以解决黄土高原梯田种植苹果存在的水资源短缺问题,利用WEPP模型,在对0～200 cm土壤储水量动态变化模拟验证的基础上,以满足梯田苹果在不同典型代表年的生育期需水为目标,对水窖进行优化配置。结果表明:在更新土壤及作物管理数据库后,WEPP模型可实现对梯田苹果园0～200 cm土壤储水量的动态模拟;利用土壤水分动态变化选择典型年来进行水窖优化配置,更能满足苹果的需水要求;黄土丘陵沟壑区适宜的水窖配置干旱年为1 150 m3/hm2,平水年为180 m3/hm2,湿润年为50 m3/hm2。该研究为高效利用该区有限水资源提供了一种基于土壤水分动态变化来满足苹果生长需水的水窖优化配置方法。Aiming to solving the problem of water resource shortage in apple orchard on terrace by reasonable allocation of water cellar,water cellars were optimally allocated based on the verification for water storage dynamic change in 0-200 cm soil using WEPP model,to meet the water demand of Malus pumila Mill during its growth period in different typical years.The results showed that water storage in 0-200 cm soil could be well dynamically and simultaneously simulated when the databases of soil and crop management in WEPP model were updated;The water cellar should be optimally allocated base on soil water dynamic variation in typical year,which could better meet the water demand of the Malus pumila Mill;The allocation of water cellar is 1 150 m3/hm2 in typical dry years,180 m3/hm2 in the normal years and 50 m3/hm2 in the wet years in loess hilly and gully region.This study provided a good water cellar optimal allocation method,base on soil water dynamic variation to meet the water demand of the Malus pumila Mill,for efficient utilization of the limited water resources.

关 键 词：WEPP 土壤水动态 水窖配置 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]