修辞学家可以向邻近学科学些什么？  

What can rhetoricians learn from the neighboring disciplines?

作　　者：袁毓林[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《当代语言学》2012年第3期286-300,330,共15页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目“面向语义搜索的汉语词汇本体知识研究”(批准号:10JJD740008);国家自然科学基金项目“面向文本推理的汉语语义计算模型研究”(项目号:90920011)的资助

摘　　要：本文首先介绍社会心理学家进行的两个关于语言运用的研究:人称代词的使用跟语言使用者的心理和精神状态的关系、人际语言的选择跟说话人的主观态度和评价的关系,指出这种研究在课题设置和方法开拓方面对修辞学研究的启发。接着介绍传统语法关于人称表达的修辞动因研究,说明修辞学研究可以从传统语法研究中挖掘课题和材料。最后,尝试用认知语言学的"射体—路标、图形—背景"等概念来分析几组同义表达形式,用概念融合理论解释几种超出辞格和辞趣的文学性表达的修辞效果及其形成机制,说明修辞学研究可以并且应该从当代语言学的其他分支学科中获得理论和方法上的营养。This article firstly introduces two case studies of language use in the field of social psychology,i.e.,the relation of the use of first person singular pronouns with the negative mental state,and the choice of interpersonal verbs with the speaker's subjective attitudes and judgments.It proposes that the psychological studies mentioned above can benefit rhetoricians in developing new topics and methodology for their research.The paper then introduces the study on the rhetorical motivation in the expressions of person in traditional grammar,and argues that rhetoricians can discover new topics and data from traditional grammar.Finally,by analyzing the mechanism of the rhetorical effects of some synonymous and figurative expressions using the concepts of cognitive linguistics,e.g.,projector vs.landmark,figure vs.ground,conception blending,etc.,we suggest that rhetoricians can and must learn from contemporary approaches of linguistics.

关 键 词：修辞学 社会心理学 人称代词 人际语言 传统语法 认知语言学 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]