侏罗纪末至白垩纪非海相介形类生物地层学：回顾与展望  

LATEST JURASSIC TO CRETACEOUS NON-MARINE OSTRACOD BIOSTRATIGRAPHY:UNDE VENIS,QUO VADIS?

作　　者：Benjamin SAMES David J.HORNE 

机构地区：[1]维也纳大学古生物研究所地质学中心奥地利维也纳141090 [2]萨姆·诺伯尔俄克拉何马自然历史博物馆,美国俄克拉何马州诺曼OK73072-7029 [3]玛丽皇后伦敦大学地理学院,英国伦敦E1 4NS [4]自然历史博物馆动物学部,英国伦敦SW7 5BD

出　　处：《地层学杂志》2012年第2期266-288,共23页Journal of Stratigraphy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.91114201);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB821906)资助出版

摘　　要：以非海相介形类为依据而建立的侏罗纪末至白垩纪的生物地层学,尤其是欧洲所谓"Purbeck-Wealden层段"(提塘阶顶部至巴列姆阶/阿普特阶底部)和全球同期沉积层的生物地层学建立已久,但这一生物地层学存有很多问题与局限性。本文对中生代晚期(聚焦于早白垩世)的非海相介形类生物地层学的基本原理、历史、目前进展、存在问题和前景进行了综述。因为介形类的繁殖、扩散与成种机制已有比较成熟的研究,所以介形类的生物地层学的应用潜力被认识已久。然而,全球不同地区中生代晚期的非海相介形类众多的研究积累已构成了一个丰富但常常混乱和矛盾的文献库。这些问题不仅存在于介形类的分类鉴定中,也见于关于古环境和系统发育的解释中。虽然地区性的盆地内的介形类生物地层学研究已产生了好结果,并可能能够用于局部地区的高精度对比。但是在进行地区间(盆地间至全球)的对比时,其实用性广遭怀疑。在过去的二十年间,许多学者采用了将今论古的古生物学研究方法,努力修订和更新中生代晚期的非海相介形类的生物地层学与古环境意义,从而促进了地区间生物地层学研究和对比的发展。古生物学家认识到,对于许多非海相介形类动物来讲,它们的分布和扩散不仅仅局限于单个的水系或较小的地理区域,而是和现生的非海相介形类一样,晚侏罗世至白垩纪的非海相介形类动物和它们的卵可被较大的动物或风长距离搬运,跨越迁移的屏障,进行扩散。鉴于以上事实,地区间的对比必须涉及两大内容:分类学的应用与古环境背景。缺乏适用于地区—全球的稳定和一致的分类学系统是进行正确对比的重要障碍。由于大量地方性分类命名、地方性特有动物的假设、与壳体特征相关的分类和生态型认识的混乱,以及对种内变异尺度的统一认识的缺乏,导致Latest Jurassic-Cretaceous biostratigraphy based on non-marine ostracods has a long tradition, particularly with respect to the so-called ＂Purbeck-Wealden interval＂ （uppermost Tithonian to Barremian/lowermost Aptian） in Europe and contemporaneous deposits worldwide, but has, at the same time, always been affiliated with considerable problems and limitations. We review the fundamentals, history, recent progress, problems and perspectives of late Mesozoic non-marine ostracod biostratigraphy with a focus on the Lower Cretaceous. The application potential of these ostracods has long been known, as have been the considerations of reproductive, dispersal and speciation mechanisms. However, the accumulation of numerous studies of late Mesozoic non-marine ostracods in different parts of the world has produced a rich literature that is often confusing and contradictory. This not only applies to the taxonomical identities of the ostracods but also to their interpretation with respect to palaeoenviron- ments and phylogeny. While regional, intra-basinal ostracod biostratigraphy has produced good results and has potential for local high-resolution correlations, their utility for supraregional （inter-basinal to global） correlations has widely been doubted. By adoption of a uniformitarian, palaeobiological approach, attempts made by various authors to revise and rejuvenate the biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental applications of late Mesozoic non-marine ostracods over the past two decades have promoted the supraregional biostratigraphical approach. Essential to this is an appreciation of the fact that many non-marine ostracod groups are not restricted to individual waterbodies or smaller geographical regions in their distribution and dispersal. As today, whole living specimens or eggs of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous non-marine ostracods are considered to have been able to be transported passively by larger animals or wind over long distances, crossing migration barriers. Acknowledging these facts, att

关 键 词：生物地层学 非海相介形类 Purbeck和Wealden层段 分类 应用 方法 晚中生代 欧洲 

分 类 号：P534.53[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]