城市道路及隧道空气中元素汞分布特征的研究  

Distribution Feature of Atmospheric Elemental Mercury Emission of Urban Traffic and Tunnels

作　　者：田亚[1] 刘红美[1] 王晓浩[1] 刘启祯 王文华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海市环境监测中心污染源监测室,上海200030

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2012年第7期64-67,共4页Environmental Science & Technology

摘　　要：近年来随着城市交通基础建设的发展,汽车保有量的大幅增加,化石燃料的燃烧也随之增加,城市空气质量面临新的挑战。其中,大气汞污染受到越来越多的关注。文章利用Lumex RA-915和多功能汞分析仪,应用原位检测方法在隧道行车中和道路旁2 m远处,测定了城市隧道及道路周边空气中的元素汞的分布,初步研究了地面交通汞排放对周边环境中元素汞分布的特征的影响。结果表明：隧道内各点的大气汞浓度变化较小,并与通风情况有关;当隧道外自然风风速较大时,隧道内外大气中元素汞浓度均明显降低,从10~17ng/m3降低到4~8 ng/m3。地面道路旁大气元素汞的分布随汽车行驶状况、温度和昼夜变化而变化。中午大气中汞浓度较低,而傍晚较高;从白天至晚上呈上升趋势,从10.8 ng/m3和16.4 ng/m3升高到15.7 ng/m3和19.4 ng/m3;气温越高,大气中的汞浓度也越高;路口汽车怠速时汞浓度较高。因此,应加大交通排放对城市大气汞污染贡献的关注。As the development of urban traffic construction and rapid growth of vehicle fleet,the burning of fossil fuels is growing rapidly in recent years.Urban air quality is facing a new challenge,in which mercury pollution has been aroused more and more attentions.Using Lumex RA-915＋ multifunctional mercury analyzer,the distribution features of atmospheric mercury emission along urban tunnels and besides streets were assessed,while in the running vehicle through the tunnel and 2 m away from the street.Effect of elemental mercury distribution contributed by traffic emissions was preliminarily studied.Results showed that the mercury concentration inside the tunnel didn’t change so much and had a relationship with ventilation.The mercury emission inside and near both sides of tunnels would reduce a lot when ventilating situation was good,from 10~17 ng/m3 to 4~8 ng/m3.Traffic mercury emission had a relationship with traffic situation,temperature and time.Elemental mercury concentration would stay lower at noon and higher in the evening,with an escalating trend due to time of 10.8 ng/m3 and 16.4 ng/m3 up to 15.7 ng/m3 and 19.4 ng/m3.Traffic mercury concentration would get higher with higher temperature,and stay high at crossroad during the red light.Therefore,urban air pollution contributed by traffic emission should be taken more concerns.

关 键 词：交通汞 隧道汞 汞排放 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]