声旁位置对形声字命名规则性效应的影响  

Effects of Phonetic Radical Position on the Regularity Effect for Naming Pictophonetic Characters

作　　者：蔡厚德[1] 齐星亮[2] 陈庆荣[1] 钟元[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [2]东南大学儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室,南京210096

出　　处：《心理学报》2012年第7期868-881,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31100814)项目支持

摘　　要：已有证据表明,低频形声字的命名存在规则性效应,高频字则没有表现。但是,这些研究所使用的全部或大部分实验材料可能均为声旁在右的字,其结果也许仅能反映声旁在右字的加工规律。本研究通过三个实验考查了声旁在左与在右两种左右型字和声旁在上与在下两种上下型字的规则性效应,探讨声旁位置对形声字命名规则性效应的影响。实验一仅考察了声旁在右的字,结果重复了先前没有操控声旁位置研究中出现的低频字的规则性效应,还发现高频字命名规则性效应的逆转;实验二考察了声旁在左与在右的字,发现声旁在右的低频字存在规则性效应,而声旁在左的低频字则出现了规则性效应的逆转,但声旁在右的高频字并不存在逆转;实验三考察了声旁在上与在下的字,发现声旁在下的低频字和声旁在上的高、低频字都出现了规则性效应,而声旁在下的高频字则存在规则性效应的逆转。这些结果提示,如果声旁在整字中处于易被激活的位置(右侧或下侧),在低频字中会倾向于出现规则性效应,在高频字中则可能出现逆转或缺乏规则性效应,这也许会受到字频的制约;在低频左右型字中声旁位置的改变也会导致命名规则性效应方向的转变,但在低频上下型字中的表现要相对较弱。可以推测,声旁位置是一种形声字的亚词汇成分的空间属性,可以决定声旁语音激活的便利性;整字字频则是一种词汇属性,会通过调节整字的语音激活,影响声旁语音作用于整字命名的亚词汇加工机制,最终决定规则性效应的方向。The regularity effect has been found for naming low-frequency pictophonetic characters but not high-frequency pictophonetic characters. However, all or most of the characters used in these studies had their phonetic radicals on the right. Therefore, the results may suggest a processing pattern that is only applicable to these characters. In the present study, three experiments were conducted to investigate the regularity effect for naming four types of pictophonetic characters： left-right structure with their phonetic radicals on the left; left-right structure with their phonetic radicals on the right; upper-lower structure with their phonetic radicals on top; and upper-lower structure with their phonetic radicals on the bottom. In this way, we were able to explore effects of the positions of phonetic radicals on the regularity effect. In the first experiment, only characters with their phonetic radicals on the right were tested. The results a）duplicated the regularity effect for low-frequency characters that was shown in previous studies in which the positions of phonetic radicals were not manipulated and b） displayed a reversed regularity effect for naming the high-frequency characters. In the second experiment, characters with their phonetic radicals in the left and right positions were examined. The regularity effect was found for naming the low-frequency characters with their phonetic radicals on the right, and a reversed regularity effect was found for naming the high-frequency characters with their phonetic radicals on the left. In the third experiment, characters with their phonetic radicals in the upper and lower positions were tested. The regularity effect was found for naming the low-frequency characters with their phonetic radicals in the lower position and both the low- and high-frequency characters with their phonetic radicals in the upper position, but a reversed regularity effect was obtained for naming the high-frequency characters with their phonetic radicals in the lower position. These

关 键 词：形声字 规则性效应 声旁位置 字频 亚词汇水平加工 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]