硝化细菌浓度及滤料对养殖水中氨氮处理效果的影响  

Effect of nitrifying bacterial concentration and substratum on ammonia nitrogen removal in aquaculture water

作　　者：王际英[1] 李宝山[1] 李华东[1] 陈玮[1] 王世信[1] 黄炳山[1] 张利民[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋水产研究所,山东烟台264006

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2012年第3期7-12,共6页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(20120525);山东省财政支持农业重大项目(2010-2013);山东省水生动物营养与饲料泰山学者岗位资金(HYK201004)

摘　　要：分别研究了不同硝化细菌浓度(0、20、60、120 mL/100 L)和不同微生物滤料(珊瑚石、锅炉煤渣、牡蛎壳)对养殖水中氨氮处理效果的影响。结果显示,添加硝化细菌后,水体中的氨氮浓度呈现下降趋势,在8～12 h出现极低值后,开始上升,但上升速度较慢;随着水体中硝化细菌添加量的增加,水体中的氨氮浓度下降速度加快;水体中亚硝酸氮浓度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并在4～6 h出现极高值,然后迅速下降,且硝化细菌添加量越高,下降速度越快。硝化细菌对以珊瑚石和锅炉煤渣为滤料的养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝酸氮的处理效果显著优于牡蛎壳,但珊瑚石和锅炉煤渣之间无显著差异。综合试验结果,应急水质处理时,硝化细菌菌剂的添加量以一次60 mL/100 L(或以活菌计数为1.2×109个/100 L)、间隔24 h添加1次为宜;经过脱硫筛选之后的锅炉煤渣可以作为循环水养殖用滤料。The present research was conducted to research the effect of different nitrifying bacteria concentrate （0 mL/100 L, 20 mL/100 L, 60 mL/100 L, 120 mL/100 L） and different microbial substratum （coral stone, boiler cinder, and oyster shell） on ammonia nitrogen removal. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen decreased after adding nitrifying bacteria, and reached the lowest after 8-12 hours, then the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increased slowly. The more nitrifying bacteria added, the fas- ter ammonia nitrogen decreased. The concentration of nitrite nitrogen increased firstly, and got the highest after 4-6 hours, hut then decreased rapidly. The more nitrifying bacteria added, the faster nitrite nitrogen decreased. Coral stone and boiler cinder were better than oyster shell as microbial substratum, but there was no significant difference between them. It can be concluded that adding 60 mL/100 L or 1.2 × 109/100 L nitrifying bacteria every 24 hours can control the water quality, and boiler cinder can be used as a high quality microbial substratum in Recycling Mariculture.

关 键 词：硝化细菌 氨氮 珊瑚石 锅炉煤渣 牡蛎壳 水产养殖 

分 类 号：S959[农业科学—水产养殖]