委内瑞拉超重原油和加拿大油砂沥青加工利用现状  

Current Development of Venezuela Extra Heavy Crude and Canadian Oil Sands Processing

作　　者：李振宇 乔明 任文坡 

机构地区：[1]中国石油石油化工研究院,北京100195

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2012年第3期517-524,共8页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

摘　　要：委内瑞拉超重原油和加拿大油砂沥青是世界上重要的2种非常规石油资源,都属于高密度、高黏度、高硫、高残炭、高金属、高沥青质的劣质原油,常规炼油厂直接加工这2种原料会出现一系列问题。目前,这2种非常规原油主要在其本国的改质工厂进行改质,得到的合成原油可作为炼油厂原料进一步加工生产运输燃料和其他石油产品。委内瑞拉现有4座超重原油改质工厂,其中3座生产重质高硫合成原油,另外1座生产高质量的轻质低硫合成原油。4座改质工厂采用的核心改质工艺都是焦化。加拿大现有6座主要的油砂沥青改质工厂,改质途径主要是焦化和/或加氢,生产的合成原油性质也有所差别。非常规石油资源是未来我国炼油厂原料重要的接替资源,我国石油公司必须加快相关领域关键技术的研发和推广应用,以技术提升核心竞争力,拓展与国际能源合作的机遇。Venezuela extra heavy crude and Canadian oil sands are two main kinds of unconventional crude, which can＇t be directly processed in conventional refineries due to their special properties of low API, high viscosity, high sulfur content, high carbon residue, high metal and high asphaltene contents. At present, the two unconventional crudes are handled mainly in upgrading facilities near production sites, producing synthetic crude suitable for conventional refineries to produce transportation fuels Venezuela for extra and other oil products. heavy crude, three of There are currently four upgrading facilities in which are designed to produce heavy, high sulfur synthetic crude and the other can provide light, low sulfur synthetic crude. Coking is chosen by all of the four plants as the main upgrading technology. Six main upgrading facilities are located in Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada to produce synthetic crude with different properties by using coking and/or hydrocracking technologies. The two unconventional crudes are seen as important feedstock resources of refineries in future. Chinese oil companies should pay more attention to the development and application of our own upgrading technologies, which will strengthen our competitiveness and lead to cooperation opportunities.

关 键 词：委内瑞拉超重原油 加拿大油砂沥青 改质 合成原油 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]