SAP、PAM对土壤水分及小麦生长发育和产量的影响  

The Effect of SAP and PAM on Soil Water Content and the Growth and Output of Wheat

作　　者：侯冠男[1] 刘景辉[1] 郝景慧 王河银[1] 张建省[1] 李冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古太仆寺旗农牧业局,内蒙古太仆寺旗027000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第18期102-106,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：水利部科技推广项目"保水剂技术的推广应用"(TG1144);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项"内蒙古黄土高原坡耕地抗旱补水播种保苗综合技术研究与示范"(201003053-4);国家自然科学基金项目"抗旱保水材料蓄水保墒生态机制研究"(31160267)

摘　　要：为保水剂(SAP)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的复配节水技术提供理论依据,采用盆栽试验方法,研究SAP和PAM两种高分子聚合物不同配比处理对土壤水分及小麦生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:在小麦全生育期土壤含水量均表现为复配>PAM>SAP>CK,土壤含水量较高时各处理较对照增幅为3.98%～6.86%,含水量较低的情况下增幅为13.6%～64.78%,复配处理增幅最大,说明施用SAP、PAM均能降低土壤水分蒸发量,尤其是复配处理效果更显著。SAP处理在小麦全生育时期根部生长量变化较为平缓,对小麦苗期生长量影响较大,PAM处理的地上、地下干物质重和根冠比从开花期到成熟期均为最高,说明PAM可促进小麦中后期的生长发育。SAP、PAM单施和复配均可提高小麦产量,较对照增幅分别为10.35%、19.09%、16.44%,PAM处理主要通过提高粒重来提高产量,复配处理主要通过增加穗粒数来提高产量。The effect of different mixture ratios of two high molecular polymers SAP and PAM on soil moisture content,growth and yield of wheat in the potted experiment were studied,in order to provide the theory basis for water-saving technology of applying combined SAP with PAM.The results showed that,during the whole growth period of wheat,the soil moisture content all proved to be SAP＋PAM 〉 PAM 〉 SAP 〉 CK.Compared with CK,when the soil water content at high level,the increment of different treatments ranged from 3.98% to 6.86%,and when it was at low level,the increment ranged from 13.6% and 64.78%,and the increment was the highest in SAP ＋ PAM treatment,providing an information that SAP and PAM could reduce soil moisture evaporation,especially the SAP＋PAM treatment was more obvious.The roots growth during the whole growth period of SAP treatment was not sharp,but had effect during the wheat seedling growth stage.Dry weight of shoot,root and root to shoot ratio of PAM treatment were the highest from anthesis to mature growth stage,proving that PAM could accelerate the growth of wheat in the late period of wheat.Single application of SAP,PAM and their compound all improved the wheat yield,compared with CK,the increment were 10.3%,19.09% and 16.44% separately.The PAM treatment improved wheat yield mainly through increasing the grain weight,while combination treatment mainly through increasing the grain number per spike.

关 键 词：SAP PAM 小麦 土壤含水量 产量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S512.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]